Trait-mediated indirect effects in a natural tidepool system
Trait-mediated indirect effects in a natural tidepool system
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自然潮汐池系统中特质介导的间接效应
DOI：
10.1007/s00227-019-3469-5
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Morgan, Steven G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gravem, Sarah A.;Morgan, Steven G.
我们证明了一个明显的特征介导的间接相互作用（TMII）的捕食者在自然界中的初级生产者通过改变猎物的行为在短期和长期的时间尺度。小掠食性海星（Leptasteriasspp.）导致食草性蜗牛（Tegula funebralis）添加到岩石潮间带潮池，迅速逃到潮池外的避难所微栖息地在几天内，这是与微藻生长增加58%，2周后。同样，去除海星导致蜗牛增加使用潮池1-10个月。在潮池中加入海星后，蜗牛迅速逃离，然后在10个月内不断增加对潮池外避难所的使用。这与潮池内微藻生长超过1个月平均增加59%和大型藻类生长超过8个月平均增加254%有关。在63个未人工操作的潮池中，海星和螺的密度呈负相关。高密度的蜗牛与难吃的藻类和裸露的岩石，而高密度的海星与可口的藻类，这表明，这种明显的TMII可能有社区层面的影响。虽然多条证据表明TMIIs可能在该系统中运行，但不可能通过实验划分TMIIs和密度介导的间接相互作用（DMIIs）的相对贡献，因此需要进一步的笼化实验来区分它们的相对优势。总体而言，我们认为，捕食者可以通过改变猎物的行为，即使捕食者和猎物是不受限制的笼子或围隔，嵌入在复杂的社区，并在多个时间尺度上观察到的初级生产者。
We demonstrate an apparent trait-mediated indirect interaction (TMII) of predators on primary producers in a natural community by altering prey behavior over short and long time scales. Small predatory sea stars (Leptasteriasspp.) caused herbivorous snails (Tegula funebralis)added to rocky intertidal tidepools to quickly flee into refuge microhabitats outside tidepools within days, and this was associated with a 58% increase in microalgal growth after 2 weeks. Similarly, removing sea stars caused snails to increase use of tidepools for 1–10 months. After adding sea stars to tidepools, snails quickly fled and then consistently increased use of refuges outside tidepools for 10 months. This was associated with average increases of 59% for microalgal growth over 1 month and 254% for macroalgal growth over 8 months inside tidepools. In 63 unmanipulated tidepools, densities of sea stars and snails were negatively correlated. High densities of snails were associated with unpalatable algal species and bare rock, while high densities of sea stars were associated with palatable algal species, suggesting that this apparent TMII may have community-level impacts. Though multiple lines of evidence suggest TMIIs were likely operating in this system, it was not possible to experimentally partition the relative contributions of TMIIs and density-mediated indirect interactions (DMIIs), so further caging experiments are necessary to distinguish their relative strengths. Overall, we suggest that predators can benefit primary producers by changing prey behavior even when predators and prey are unrestrained by cages or mesocosms, embedded in complex communities, and observed over multiple time scales.
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DOI：
10.1086/676644
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
The American Naturalist
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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