Heroes and hierarchies: the celebration and censure of victimhood in transitional justice

Heroes and hierarchies: the celebration and censure of victimhood in transitional justice
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英雄与等级制度:过渡时期司法中受害者的庆祝和谴责

DOI:
10.1080/13642987.2021.1946038
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The International Journal of Human Rights
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lawther C
Lawther C
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lawther C

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过去虐待行为的受害者往往是过渡时期庆祝的对象,以前被边缘化和不受尊重的身份得到了承认和支持。然而,对受害者身份的某些变体的庆祝和对其他人的谴责很容易导致受害者身份等级的建立,在这种等级制度中,那些认为自己或被他人视为“好的”或“无辜的”受害者的人,质疑其他“坏的”或“不纯洁的”受害者的“应得”。基于在北爱尔兰的田野调查,本文解构了在过渡背景下受害者的等级制度的建立。它利用了三个相互重叠的主题--“好的”和“坏的”受害者的等级制度;事业的等级制度和英雄;以及等级制度和“社会羞辱的沉默”。这三股之间的重叠联系表明,受害者等级制度的想法实际上比沿着公共界限的简单划分更有问题。相反,受害者的等级是建立在强调自己英雄的受害者身份的基础上,同时压制一个人过去令人不快的方面。其结果不仅部分反映了谁是受害者,而且未能认识到绝大多数受冲突影响的人--平民--的受害者身份。
Victims of past abuses are often the subject of transitional celebration, with previously marginalised and disrespected identities afforded recognition and support. Yet, the celebration of certain variants of victimhood and the censure of others readily lends itself to the creation of hierarchies of victimhood where those who consider themselves or are considered by others to be ‘good’ or ‘innocent’ victims dispute the ‘deservingness’ of other ‘bad’ or ‘impure’ victims. Based on fieldwork in Northern Ireland, this article deconstructs the creation of hierarchies of victimhood within a transitional context. It draws on three overlapping themes – hierarchies of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ victims; hierarchies and heroes for the cause; and hierarchies and ‘the silence of social opprobrium’. The overlapping connections between these three strands illustrates that the idea of a hierarchy of victimhood is in fact much more problematic than a simple division along communal lines. Rather, hierarchies of victimhood are predicated on highlighting the victimhood of one’s own heroes while silencing the uncomfortable aspects of one’s past. The result is not only a partial representation of who ‘counts’ as a victim, but the failure to recognise the victimhood of the vast majority of those affected by the conflict – members of the civilian population.
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