Chemistry of trisdecacyclic pyrazine antineoplastics: the cephalostatins and ritterazines.

Chemistry of trisdecacyclic pyrazine antineoplastics: the cephalostatins and ritterazines.
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三十环吡嗪抗肿瘤药的化学:头孢他汀和利特嗪。

DOI:
10.1021/cr800365m
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发表时间:
2009-06
期刊:
影响因子:
62.1
通讯作者:
Fuchs, Philip L.
Fuchs, Philip L.
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lee, Seongmin;LaCour, Thomas G.;Fuchs, Philip L.

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对具有药用意义的天然产物的研究导致Pettit小组分离出头孢菌素1(从半索动物蠕虫Cephaldiscus gilchristi中,2例如,头孢菌素1(1)),Fusetani小组分离出ritterazines 3(从被囊动物Ritterella tokioka中,例如,ritterazine B(2))。头孢菌素和利特拉嗪是一个由45个十三环双甾体吡嗪组成的家族,对人肿瘤显示出惊人的细胞毒性(在2天NCI 60细胞组中为101 nM,4在某些情况下,在Purdue mini panel中为101 nM,6天),因此将其列为NCI测试的最有效的抗癌药物。NCI使用COMPARE程序进行的计算机匹配显示了几种与头孢菌素/利特拉嗪家族具有相似特征的其他化合物。这些化合物包括OSW-16(3),一种来自花园多年生虎眼万年青(Ornithogalum saundersiae)的单甾体皂苷糖苷(在NCI 60癌细胞系中GI 50为0.8 nM),和茄边碱7(4)(来自茄属物种),作为癌症治疗的额外可能候选物。OSW-1(3)显示对正常人肺细胞的低毒性,但对恶性实体瘤细胞具有令人鼓舞的活性。Solamargine(4)是Curadaline乳膏的活性成分,在初步临床试验中声称对黑色素瘤100%有效,治疗10年后无明显副作用或癌症复发(图1)。8继Pettit在1988年对头孢菌素的开创性报告1(1)之后,1有几篇文章9综述了头孢菌素的结构解析、生物活性和合成。该帐户将集中在过去15年(截至2008年7月15日)的头孢菌素和利特拉嗪的合成进展,强调采用的不同策略,关键的转变,以及实现不对称双甾体吡嗪框架的后期建设的方法。
The search for natural products of medicinal significance led the Pettit group to isolate the cephalostatins1 (from the hemichordate worm Cephalodiscus gilchristi, 2 eg, cephalostatin 1 (1)) and the Fusetani team to isolate the ritterazines3 (from the tunicate Ritterella tokioka, eg, ritterazine B (2)), respectively. The cephalostatins and ritterazines are a family of 45 trisdecacyclic bissteroidal pyrazines that display striking cytotoxicity against human tumors (∼ 1 nM in the 2-day NCI 60 cell panel, 4 and in some cases,∼ 10 fM 6-day in the Purdue mini panel5), thereby ranking them among the most potent anticancer agents tested by the NCI. Computer matching at the NCI using the COMPARE program has revealed several additional compounds exhibiting similar profiles to the cephalostatin/ritterazine family. These compounds include OSW-16 (3), a monosteroidal saponin glycoside from the garden perennial Ornithogalum saundersiae (GI50 of 0.8 nM in the NCI 60 cancer cell line), and solamargine7 (4)(from Solanum species) as additional possible candidates for cancer therapy. OSW-1 (3) shows low toxicity to normal human pulmonary cells but encouraging activity against malignant solid tumor cells. Solamargine (4) is an active ingredient of creme Curaderm, claimed to be 100% effective against melanomas in preliminary clinical trials without significant side effects or recurrence of cancer 10 years after treatment (Figure 1). 8 Following Pettit’s seminal report on cephalostatin 1 (1) in 1988, 1 several articles9 have reviewed the structure elucidation, biological activities, and syntheses of cephalostatins. This account will focus on the advances in the syntheses of cephalostatins and ritterazines over the past 15 years (up to∼ July 2008), emphasizing the different strategies adopted, key transformations, and methods for achieving the late construction of the dissymmetric bissteroidal pyrazine framework.
DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01805-r
发表时间: 1995-11-13
影响因子: 1.8
作者:
BHANDARU, S;FUCHS, PL
通讯作者: FUCHS, PL
DOI: 10.1039/a700647k
发表时间: 1997-09-21
期刊: JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1
影响因子: --
作者:
Bell, W;Block, MH;Timms, D
通讯作者: Timms, D
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90081-4
发表时间: 1987-08-01
期刊: CANCER LETTERS
影响因子: 9.7
作者:
CHAM, BE;MEARES, HM
通讯作者: MEARES, HM
DOI: 10.1021/jo00108a024
发表时间: 1995-02-10
影响因子: 3.6
作者:
FUKUZAWA, S;MATSUNAGA, S;FUSETANI, N
通讯作者: FUSETANI, N
DOI: 10.1021/ol025580e
发表时间: 2002-04-18
期刊: ORGANIC LETTERS
影响因子: 5.2
作者:
Betancor, C;Freire, R;Suárez, E
通讯作者: Suárez, E