Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning.
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning.
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就海洋人工结构退役前的环境和社会影响达成专家科学共识。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119897
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Knights AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knights AM
海洋环境中存在着数以千计的人工（“人造”）结构，其中许多已经或即将报废，需要就其退役问题作出紧急决定。对于哪些退役方案能够产生最佳的环境和社会结果，尚未达成共识，部分原因是缺乏来自现实世界退役案例研究的证据。为了应对这一重大挑战，我们邀请了一个全球科学家小组提供他们的专家意见。他们被要求查明和评估海洋中人工结构的生态系统影响、其原因和后果，并查明哪些结构（如果有的话）在退役后应予以保留。专家们认为，造成海洋人工结构生态和社会影响的压力大多属于中等程度，经常发生，并取决于空间尺度，局部尺度的影响大于区域影响。据认为，退役后许多影响的持续时间相对较短，大约为几天。总体而言，结构的环境影响被认为是不可取的，而社会影响则是不可取的。因此，专家们指出，在报废时保留MAS的任何决定对社会的益处大于对自然环境的益处。然而，一些个别的环境影响被认为是可取的，值得保留，特别是在某些地理位置，在那里的结构可以支持改善营养联系，增加旅游业，栖息地的提供，人口规模，并提供稳定的人口动态。专家分析的共识是，MAS的影响对环境和社会既有负面影响，也有正面影响，在有进一步的经验证据证明改变现状是合理的之前，无论是取消还是保留，都不支持政策改变。与MAS相关的有利和不利影响的结合对政策制定者和决策者提出了一个重大挑战，在他们的理由，以实施退役的选择。可能需要在个案基础上作出决定，考虑到地方一级的成本效益权衡。
Thousands of artificial (‘human-made’) structures are present in the marine environment, many at or approaching end-of-life and requiring urgent decisions regarding their decommissioning. No consensus has been reached on which decommissioning option(s) result in optimal environmental and societal outcomes, in part, owing to a paucity of evidence from real-world decommissioning case studies. To address this significant challenge, we asked a worldwide panel of scientists to provide their expert opinion. They were asked to identify and characterise the ecosystem effects of artificial structures in the sea, their causes and consequences, and to identify which, if any, should be retained following decommissioning. Experts considered that most of the pressures driving ecological and societal effects from marine artificial structures (MAS) were of medium severity, occur frequently, and are dependent on spatial scale with local-scale effects of greater magnitude than regional effects. The duration of many effects following decommissioning were considered to be relatively short, in the order of days. Overall, environmental effects of structures were considered marginally undesirable, while societal effects marginally desirable. Experts therefore indicated that any decision to leave MAS in place at end-of-life to be more beneficial to society than the natural environment. However, some individual environmental effects were considered desirable and worthy of retention, especially in certain geographic locations, where structures can support improved trophic linkages, increases in tourism, habitat provision, and population size, and provide stability in population dynamics. The expert analysis consensus that the effects of MAS are both negative and positive for the environment and society, gives no strong support for policy change whether removal or retention is favoured until further empirical evidence is available to justify change to thestatus quo. The combination of desirable and undesirable effects associated with MAS present a significant challenge for policy- and decision-makers in their justification to implement decommissioning options. Decisions may need to be decided on a case-by-case basis accounting for the trade-off in costs and benefits at a local level.
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