Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease.
Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Gianaros PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McEwen BS;Gianaros PJ
大脑是应激反应、应对和恢复过程的关键器官。在大脑中，一个分布式的神经回路决定了什么是威胁，从而对个人造成压力。这一回路的工具性大脑系统包括海马体、杏仁核和前额叶皮层区域。这些系统共同调节生理和行为应激过程，这些过程在短期内可能是适应性的，而在长期内可能是适应不良的。重要的是，这种压力过程是由大脑与自主神经系统、心血管系统和免疫系统之间的双向交流模式引起的，这种双向交流模式通过支持认知、经验和行为的神经和内分泌机制实现。在一个方面，这些双向应激机制是保护性的，因为它们促进了短期适应（变稳态）。然而，在另一个方面，这些应激机制可导致变稳态的长期失调，因为它们在慢性应激条件下（变稳态负荷）促进身体和大脑的适应不良磨损，损害应激弹性和健康。这篇综述特别关注嵌入在社会环境中的压力相关过程之间的联系，体现在大脑中，这被视为中央调解人和目标的变稳态和变稳态负荷。
The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, coping, and recovery processes. Within the brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the individual. Instrumental brain systems of this circuitry include the hippocampus, amygdala, and areas of the prefrontal cortex. Together, these systems regulate physiological and behavioral stress processes, which can be adaptive in the short-term and maladaptive in the long-term. Importantly, such stress processes arise from bidirectional patterns of communication between the brain and the autonomic, cardiovascular, and immune systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms underpinning cognition, experience, and behavior. In one respect, these bidirectional stress mechanisms are protective in that they promote short-term adaptation (allostasis). In another respect, however, these stress mechanisms can lead to a long-term dysregulation of allostasis in that they promote maladaptive wear-and-tear on the body and brain under chronically stressful conditions (allostatic load), compromising stress resiliency and health. This review focuses specifically on the links between stress-related processes embedded within the social environment and embodied within the brain, which is viewed as the central mediator and target of allostasis and allostatic load.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
Aneshensel, CS;Sucoff, CA
通讯作者：
Sucoff, CA
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
ADLER, NE;BOYCE, WT;SYME, SL
通讯作者：
SYME, SL
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
AHIMA, R;KROZOWSKI, Z;HARLAN, R
通讯作者：
HARLAN, R
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Bianchi, M;Heidbreder, C;Crespi, F
通讯作者：
Crespi, F
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Banks, W A;Kastin, A J
通讯作者：
Kastin, A J