Gender differences in communicative abstraction.
Gender differences in communicative abstraction.
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交际抽象中的性别差异。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Laura Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Joshi;Cheryl J Wakslak;G. Appel;Laura Huang
解释水平理论表明，将交际受众体验为近端而非远端会导致说话者更具体地构建信息，我们研究了语言抽象中的性别差异。在对先前研究距离对沟通影响的荟萃分析中，我们发现，当观众被描述为心理上接近时，女性的沟通比男性更具体。当演讲者考虑到距离已变得很明显的听众时，这些语言抽象中的性别差异就被消除了（研究 1）。在接下来的研究中，我们在未指定受众性质的情况下研究了语言抽象中的性别差异。在书面实验背景（研究 2）、大量在线博客文章（研究 3）以及国会男女议员的现实世界演讲（研究 4）中，我们发现男性比女性说话更抽象。当主观权力感受受到实验操纵时，言语抽象中的这些性别差异继续出现（研究 5）。我们认为，语言抽象中的性别差异是几个相互关联过程的结果，包括但不限于社交网络的规模和同质性、涉及寻求接近或距离的交流动机、受众同质性和距离的感知以及权力体验。在研究 6 中，我们发现了女性在小型社交网络中互动的倾向对语言抽象中性别差异的调节的初步支持。我们讨论了这些性别差异在交际抽象中对现有理论的影响，并为未来的研究提供了建议。 （PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
Drawing on construal level theory, which suggests that experiencing a communicative audience as proximal rather than distal leads speakers to frame messages more concretely, we examine gender differences in linguistic abstraction. In a meta-analysis of prior studies examining the effects of distance on communication, we find that women communicate more concretely than men when an audience is described as being psychologically close. These gender differences in linguistic abstraction are eliminated when speakers consider an audience whose distance has been made salient (Study 1). In studies that follow, we examine gender differences in linguistic abstraction in contexts where the nature of the audience is not specified. Across a written experimental context (Study 2), a large corpus of online blog posts (Study 3), and the real-world speech of congressmen and congresswomen (Study 4), we find that men speak more abstractly than women. These gender differences in speech abstraction continue to emerge when subjective feelings of power are experimentally manipulated (Study 5). We believe that gender differences in linguistic abstraction are the result of several interrelated processes-including but not limited to social network size and homogeneity, communication motives involving seeking proximity or distance, perceptions of audience homogeneity and distance, as well as experience of power. In Study 6, we find preliminary support for mediation of gender differences in linguistic abstraction by women's tendency to interact in small social networks. We discuss implication of these gender differences in communicative abstraction for existing theory and provide suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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