A prospective cross-sectional study of tuberculosis in elderly Hispanics reveals that BCG vaccination at birth is protective whereas diabetes is not a risk factor.

A prospective cross-sectional study of tuberculosis in elderly Hispanics reveals that BCG vaccination at birth is protective whereas diabetes is not a risk factor.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0255194
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Restrepo BI
Restrepo BI
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Scordo JM;Aguillón-Durán GP;Ayala D;Quirino-Cerrillo AP;Rodríguez-Reyna E;Mora-Guzmán F;Caso JA;Ledezma-Campos E;Schlesinger LS;Torrelles JB;Turner J;Restrepo BI

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老龄化增加了结核病(TB)及其不良后果的风险,但大多数研究都是基于二次分析,很少有西班牙裔。糖尿病是成人结核病的一个危险因素,但其在老年人中的作用尚不清楚。我们的目的是确定糖尿病和其他危险因素对老年西班牙裔结核病的作用。在新诊断的结核病患者、近期接触者(ReC)或社区对照者(CoC)中进行的横断面研究,共646名参与者,包括183名老年人(>60岁; 43名TB,80名ReC,60名CoC)和463名成人(18至50岁; 80名TB,301名ReC和82名CoC)。通过单变量和多变量logistic回归分析确定了老年人与结核病和潜伏性结核分枝杆菌感染(LTBI)相关的宿主特征。LTBI在老年CoC中更为普遍(55% vs. 23.2%成人; p<0.001),但在ReC中并非如此(老年71.3% vs.成人63.8%; p = 0.213)。老年人结核病的危险因素包括男性(adj-OR 4.33,95% CI 1.76,10.65)、吸烟(adj-OR 2.55,95% CI 1.01,6.45)和低BMI(adj-OR 12.34,95% CI 4.44,34.33)。出乎意料的是,2型糖尿病与结核病无关,尽管其患病率很高(adj-OR 0.38,95% CI 0.06,2.38),出生时接种卡介苗具有保护作用(adj-OR 0.16,95% CI 0.06,0.45)。我们报告了老年人与成人在结核病风险因素方面的新差异,特别是在糖尿病和出生时接种卡介苗方面。有必要进一步研究,以解决这一脆弱的,未得到充分研究的人口中的差距。
Aging increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB) and its adverse outcomes, but most studies are based on secondary analyses, and few are in Hispanics. Diabetes is a risk factor for TB in adults, but its contribution in the elderly is unknown. We aimed to identify the role of diabetes and other risk factors for TB in elderly Hispanics. Cross-sectional study among newly-diagnosed TB patients, recent contacts (ReC), or community controls (CoC) totaling 646 participants, including 183 elderly (>60 years; 43 TB, 80 ReC, 60 CoC) and 463 adults (18 to 50 years; 80 TB, 301 ReC and 82 CoC). Host characteristics associated with TB and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) were identified in the elderly by univariable and confirmed by multivariable logistic regression. LTBI was more prevalent among the elderly CoC (55% vs. 23.2% in adults; p<0.001), but not in ReC (elderly 71.3% vs. adult 63.8%); p = 0.213). Risk factors for TB in the elderly included male sex (adj-OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.76, 10.65), smoking (adj-OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.01, 6.45) and low BMI (adj-OR 12.34, 95% CI 4.44, 34.33). Unexpectedly, type 2 diabetes was not associated with TB despite its high prevalence (adj-OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.06, 2.38), and BCG vaccination at birth was protective (adj-OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06, 0.45). We report novel distinctions in TB risk factors in the elderly vs. adults, notably in diabetes and BCG vaccination at birth. Further studies are warranted to address disparities in this vulnerable, understudied population.
单核细胞表型的改变,但不会受损的外周T细胞免疫力可以解释老年人对发展结核病的敏感性。
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