Rapid amygdala responses during trace fear conditioning without awareness.
Rapid amygdala responses during trace fear conditioning without awareness.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0096803
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Helmstetter FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balderston NL;Schultz DH;Baillet S;Helmstetter FJ
意识在学习中的作用已经争论了近50年。最近的研究表明，当学习两个在时间上分离的事件时，需要有意识的意识来弥合差距，就像微量恐惧条件反射一样。这一点已经被反复证明，而且似乎也适用于其他形式的经典条件作用。与这些研究结果相反，我们表明，个人可以学会将一张脸与后来发生的电击联系起来，即使他们无法感知到这张脸。我们使用脑磁图（MEG）的一种新应用程序来非侵入性地记录杏仁核的神经活动，这对恐惧学习很重要。我们展示了快速（170-200毫秒）杏仁核的反应，在无刺激期之间的脸和休克。这些结果表明，未被感知的面孔可以作为即将到来的威胁的信号，而杏仁核的快速自动激活有助于这一过程。此外，我们描述了一种方法，可以应用在未来的研究与MEG在其他皮层下结构的神经活动。
The role of consciousness in learning has been debated for nearly 50 years. Recent studies suggest that conscious awareness is needed to bridge the gap when learning about two events that are separated in time, as is true for trace fear conditioning. This has been repeatedly shown and seems to apply to other forms of classical conditioning as well. In contrast to these findings, we show that individuals can learn to associate a face with the later occurrence of a shock, even if they are unable to perceive the face. We used a novel application of magnetoencephalography (MEG) to non-invasively record neural activity from the amygdala, which is known to be important for fear learning. We demonstrate rapid (∼170–200 ms) amygdala responses during the stimulus free period between the face and the shock. These results suggest that unperceived faces can serve as signals for impending threat, and that rapid, automatic activation of the amygdala contributes to this process. In addition, we describe a methodology that can be applied in the future to study neural activity with MEG in other subcortical structures.
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