MRX protects fork integrity at protein-DNA barriers, and its absence causes checkpoint activation dependent on chromatin context.

MRX protects fork integrity at protein-DNA barriers, and its absence causes checkpoint activation dependent on chromatin context.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkt051
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发表时间:
2013-03-01
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Bjergbaek L
Bjergbaek L
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bentsen IB;Nielsen I;Lisby M;Nielsen HB;Gupta SS;Mundbjerg K;Andersen AH;Bjergbaek L

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为了解决真核生物复制叉如何响应由强非共价蛋白质-DNA屏障引起的叉停滞,我们在酿酒酵母中设计了可控Fob阻断系统。该系统使我们能够在rDNA内的自然位置强烈诱导和控制复制叉屏障(RFB)。我们发现MRX(Mre 11,Rad 50,Xrs 2)复合物在RFBs的叉完整性中起着关键作用,这与其在双链断裂过程中的公认功能不同。因此,在不存在MRX复合物的情况下,单链DNA(ssDNA)在rDNA处积累。基于此,我们提出了一个模型,其中MRX复合物特异性地保护蛋白质-DNA屏障处的停滞叉,并且其缺失导致产生ssDNA的加工。令我们惊讶的是,这种ssDNA不会触发检查点响应。然而,有趣的是,将RFBs异位地放置在染色体VI上,在没有Mre 11的情况下,会引起强烈的Rad 53检查点激活。我们证明了在缺失SIR 2后,rDNA内的适当检查点信号被恢复。这表明了一个令人惊讶和新颖的概念,即染色质是检查点信号传导的重要参与者。
To address how eukaryotic replication forks respond to fork stalling caused by strong non-covalent protein–DNA barriers, we engineered the controllable Fob-block system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This system allows us to strongly induce and control replication fork barriers (RFB) at their natural location within the rDNA. We discover a pivotal role for the MRX (Mre11, Rad50, Xrs2) complex for fork integrity at RFBs, which differs from its acknowledged function in double-strand break processing. Consequently, in the absence of the MRX complex, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) accumulates at the rDNA. Based on this, we propose a model where the MRX complex specifically protects stalled forks at protein–DNA barriers, and its absence leads to processing resulting in ssDNA. To our surprise, this ssDNA does not trigger a checkpoint response. Intriguingly, however, placing RFBs ectopically on chromosome VI provokes a strong Rad53 checkpoint activation in the absence of Mre11. We demonstrate that proper checkpoint signalling within the rDNA is restored on deletion of SIR2. This suggests the surprising and novel concept that chromatin is an important player in checkpoint signalling.
在酵母和哺乳动物中,异染色质对 γ-H2AX 修饰具有抵抗力。
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