Emergent Quantum State Designs from Individual Many-Body Wave Functions

Emergent Quantum State Designs from Individual Many-Body Wave Functions
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来自个体多体波函数的涌现量子态设计

DOI:
10.1103/prxquantum.4.010311
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
9.7
通讯作者:
Choi, Soonwon
Choi, Soonwon
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cotler, Jordan S.;Mark, Daniel K.;Huang, Hsin-Yuan;Hernández, Felipe;Choi, Joonhee;Shaw, Adam L.;Endres, Manuel;Choi, Soonwon

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多体系统中的量子混沌具有很强的预测能力,为统计物理和量子物理之间提供了一座桥梁。该框架对于分析复杂量子系统的特性,如能谱和热化动力学具有重要意义。虽然量子混沌的当代方法通常依赖于量子态和哈密顿量的随机集合,但这并不能反映大多数现实世界的系统。在本文中,我们引入了一个新的视角:在广泛的例子中,单个非随机量子态被证明可以编码通用和高度随机的量子态集成。我们使用量子信息论中的量子态设计概念来描述这些系综,并使用解析和数值技术的结合来研究它们的普遍性。特别地,我们建立了设计自然地从希尔伯特空间中的一般状态以及与强相互作用的哈密顿动力学相关的物理状态中出现。我们的研究结果为研究量子混沌提供了新的途径,并为近似均匀随机状态的采样提供了一种实用的方法;后者在量子信息科学中有着广泛的应用,从断层扫描到基准测试。
Quantum chaos in many-body systems provides a bridge between statistical and quantum physics with strong predictive power. This framework is valuable for analyzing properties of complex quantum systems such as energy spectra and the dynamics of thermalization. While contemporary methods in quantum chaos often rely on random ensembles of quantum states and Hamiltonians, this is not reflective of most real-world systems. In this paper, we introduce a new perspective: across a wide range of examples, a single nonrandom quantum state is shown to encode universal and highly random quantum state ensembles. We characterize these ensembles using the notion of quantum state-designs from quantum information theory and investigate their universality using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques. In particular, we establish that-designs emerge naturally from generic states in a Hilbert space as well as physical states associated with strongly interacting Hamiltonian dynamics. Our results offer a new approach for studying quantum chaos and provide a practical method for sampling approximately uniformly random states; the latter has wide-ranging applications in quantum information science from tomography to benchmarking.
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