Metabolic demands and sexual dimorphism in human nasal morphology: A test of the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis
Metabolic demands and sexual dimorphism in human nasal morphology: A test of the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis
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人类鼻腔形态的代谢需求和性别二态性：呼吸能量学假说的检验
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24692
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Maddux, Scott David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelly, Alexa Pennavaria;Ocobock, Cara;Butaric, Lauren Nicole;Maddux, Scott David
虽然人类鼻形态的生态地理变化通常归因于气候适应，但最近对“呼吸能量学假说”的研究表明，对氧气摄入的代谢需求可能会影响整个鼻的大小。在这里，我们进一步测试的呼吸能量学假说和调查代谢和气候压力对人类的鼻morphology.Materials和MethodsThis研究采用计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描79混合性别的颅骨来自一个极端寒冷干燥的地区（点希望，阿拉斯加）之间的潜在相互作用。结合基础代谢率（BMR，kcal/天）估计值源自相关股骨头直径测量值，在多变量分析中采用了41个颅骨三维（3D）坐标标志和17个线性测量值，以检验代谢需求与鼻/鼻窦炎之间的相关性。面部形态跨性别和性别内。结果整体鼻的大小被发现与BMR跨性别和性别内显着相关，更高的代谢需求与更大的鼻子有关。然而，发现BMR和整体鼻尺寸之间的相关性主要由鼻道高度和长度尺寸驱动，北极样本的鼻道宽度变化极小（非二形）。相应地，BMR和3D鼻形之间的显着相关性也identified.DiscussionOur研究提供了额外的支持呼吸能量学假说，同时提供了对特定鼻尺寸的潜在代谢和气候限制的见解。特别是，我们的研究结果表明，鼻道宽度的热/水分传递的气候压力可能需要通道高度（和发育相关长度）的补偿性变化，以保持足够的空气摄入量，以满足代谢要求。
ObjectivesAlthough ecogeographic variation in human nasal morphology is commonly attributed to climatic adaptation, recent research into the “respiratory‐energetics hypothesis” has suggested that metabolic demands for oxygen intake may influence overall nasal size. Here, we further test the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis and investigate potential interactions between metabolic and climatic pressures on human nasal morphology.Materials and MethodsThis study employed computed tomography (CT) scans of 79 mixed‐sex crania derived from an extreme cold‐dry locale (Point Hope, Alaska). In conjunction with basal metabolic rate (BMR, kcal/day) estimates derived from associated femoral head diameter measurements, 41 cranial three‐dimensional (3D) coordinate landmarks and 17 linear measurements were employed in multivariate analyses to test for associations between metabolic demands and nasal/facial morphology across and within the sexes.ResultsOverall nasal size was found to be significantly correlated with BMR both across and within the sexes, with higher metabolic demands predictably associated with larger noses. However, associations between BMR and overall nasal size were found to be predominantly driven by nasal passage height and length dimensions, with the Arctic sample exhibiting minimal (non‐dimorphic) variation in nasal passage breadths. Accordingly, significant correlations between BMR and 3D nasal shape were also identified.DiscussionOur study provides additional support for the respiratory‐energetics hypothesis, while providing insights into potential metabolic and climatic constraints on specific nasal dimensions. In particular, our results suggest that climatic pressures on nasal passage breadths for heat/moisture transfers may necessitate compensatory changes in passage heights (and developmentally‐linked lengths) to maintain sufficient air intake to meet metabolic requirements.
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