Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Reductases in the Tyrosine Conversion Pathway.
Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Reductases in the Tyrosine Conversion Pathway.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2018.01305
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Yang L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu JJ;Fang X;Li CY;Zhao Q;Martin C;Chen XY;Yang L
酪氨酸是几种具有药用或营养价值的植物天然产物的前体。羟基苯丙酮酸还原酶（HPPR）催化4-羟基苯丙酮酸（pHPP）还原为4-羟基苯乳酸（pHPL），是酪氨酸合成迷迭香酸（RA）的关键酶，迄今为止，仅在积累RA的植物中发现过HPPR活性。在这里，我们表明，HPPR同系物广泛分布在陆地植物。在不会以可检测水平积累RA的拟南芥中，两个同源物（HTPR 2和HTPR 3）具有降低pHPP的功能。系统发育分析将HPPR 2和HPPR 3置于HPPR进化枝内的两个独立的组中，并且HPPR 2和HPPR 3与过氧化物酶体羟基丙酮酸还原酶（HPR）HPR 1不同。重组蛋白的体外表征表明，HPPR 2具有HPR和HPPR活性，而HPPR 3具有强烈的偏好pHPP，并且这两种酶都定位于胞质溶胶中。拟南芥突变体缺陷的HPPR 2或HPPR 3含有较低量的pHPL和受损的酪氨酸转化为pHPL。此外，酪氨酸氨基转移酶（达特）的功能丧失突变也降低了植物中pHPL的积累。我们的数据表明，在拟南芥中，HPPR 2和HPPR 3与TAT 1一起构成了一条可能保守的从酪氨酸到pHPL的生物合成途径，在特定的植物群体中可以从中产生一些专门的代谢产物，例如RA。我们的发现可能对酪氨酸衍生的专门代谢物的起源产生广泛的影响。
Tyrosine serves as a precursor to several types of plant natural products of medicinal or nutritional interests. Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR), which catalyzes the reduction of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (pHPP) to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), has been shown to be the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) from tyrosine and, so far, HPPR activity has been reported only from the RA-accumulating plants. Here, we show that HPPR homologs are widely distributed in land plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, which does not accumulate RA at detectable level, two homologs (HPPR2 and HPPR3) are functional in reducing pHPP. Phylogenetic analysis placed HPPR2 and HPPR3 in two separate groups within the HPPR clade, and HPPR2 and HPPR3 are distinct from HPR1, a peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR). In vitro characterization of the recombinant proteins revealed that HPPR2 has both HPR and HPPR activities, whereas HPPR3 has a strong preference for pHPP, and both enzymes are localized in the cytosol. Arabidopsis mutants defective in either HPPR2 or HPPR3 contained lower amounts of pHPL and were impaired in conversion of tyrosine to pHPL. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) also reduced the pHPL accumulation in plants. Our data demonstrate that in Arabidopsis HPPR2 and HPPR3, together with TAT1, constitute to a probably conserved biosynthetic pathway from tyrosine to pHPL, from which some specialized metabolites, such as RA, can be generated in specific groups of plants. Our finding may have broad implications for the origins of tyrosine-derived specialized metabolites in general.
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DOI：
10.1016/0304-4173(73)90011-6
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA
影响因子：
--
作者：
AMESZ, J
通讯作者：
AMESZ, J
影响因子：
11
作者：
Beloborodova N;Bairamov I;Olenin A;Shubina V;Teplova V;Fedotcheva N
通讯作者：
Fedotcheva N
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Berger, Anja;Meinhard, Juliane;Petersen, Maike
通讯作者：
Petersen, Maike
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Nakagawa, Tsuyoshi;Suzuki, Takarnasa;Ishiguro, Sumie
通讯作者：
Ishiguro, Sumie
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Norris, SR;Barrette, TR;DellaPenna, D
通讯作者：
DellaPenna, D