ZnO Nanomaterials and Ionic Zn Partition within Wastewater Sludge Investigated by Isotopic Labeling.
ZnO Nanomaterials and Ionic Zn Partition within Wastewater Sludge Investigated by Isotopic Labeling.
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DOI：
10.1002/gch2.202100091
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Porter AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gomez-Gonzalez MA;Rehkämper M;Han Z;Ryan MP;Laycock A;Porter AE
工程氧化锌纳米材料的商业用途越来越多，因此需要彻底了解它们释放到废水中后的行为。在此，通过环境相关加标浓度 15.2 µg g−1 下的稳定同位素示踪研究了从城市废水系统收集的真实初级污泥中氧化锌纳米颗粒 (ZnO NP) 和离子锌的命运。由于快速溶解，纳米颗粒 ZnO 不会产生颗粒特异性效应，并且 NP 溶解中的 Zn 离子和离子 Zn 显示出难以区分的行为，因为它们在 4 小时的培养期内在污泥的固相、液相和超滤相之间均匀分配。这项工作为初级污泥中工程氧化锌纳米材料的行为提供了重要的限制——初级污泥是废水处理厂的第一道屏障——在低、现实的浓度下。由于计算出的固液分配系数明显低于先前研究中采用不合理的高加标浓度的报告，因此这项工作强调了在实验中使用低、环境相关剂量的工程纳米材料以获得准确风险评估的重要性。研究了环境相关浓度下未经处理的废水污泥中氧化锌纳米材料的命运。纳米颗粒 ZnO 在酸性污泥中快速溶解。氧化锌纳米粒子和离子锌在污泥中表现出相同的分配。这表明，μg g−1 水平的 ZnO 纳米材料的生态毒性完全归因于溶解的 Zn2+ 离子。
The increasing commercial use of engineered zinc oxide nanomaterials necessitates a thorough understanding of their behavior following their release into wastewater. Herein, the fates of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ionic Zn in a real primary sludge collected from a municipal wastewater system are studied via stable isotope tracing at an environmentally relevant spiking concentration of 15.2 µg g−1. Due to rapid dissolution, nanoparticulate ZnO does not impart particle‐specific effects, and the Zn ions from NP dissolution and ionic Zn display indistinguishable behavior as they partition equally between the solid, liquid, and ultrafiltrate phases of the sludge over a 4‐h incubation period. This work provides important constraints on the behavior of engineered ZnO nanomaterials in primary sludge—the first barrier in a wastewater treatment plant—at low, realistic concentrations. As the calculated solid–liquid partition coefficients are significantly lower than those reported in prior studies that employ unreasonably high spiking concentrations, this work highlights the importance of using low, environmentally relevant doses of engineered nanomaterials in experiments to obtain accurate risk assessments. The fate of ZnO nanomaterials in an untreated wastewater sludge at an environmentally relevant concentration is studied. Nanoparticulate ZnO dissolves rapidly within the acidic sludge. ZnO nanoparticles and ionic Zn show identical partitioning within the sludge. This suggests that the ecotoxicity of the ZnO nanomaterials at the µg g−1 level is entirely attributable to the dissolved Zn2+ ions.
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