Spectral inference reveals principal cone-integration rules of the zebrafish inner retina.
Spectral inference reveals principal cone-integration rules of the zebrafish inner retina.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.047
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发表时间：
2021-12-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baden T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bartel P;Yoshimatsu T;Janiak FK;Baden T
视网膜双极细胞在树突和轴突部位整合视锥信号。涉及无长突细胞的轴突途径在很大程度上仍是未知的。然而，由于视锥细胞的光谱敏感性不同，双极细胞的视锥细胞整合的见解可能会获得基于他们的光谱调谐。因此，我们记录了在体内的双极细胞突触前末梢的幼斑马鱼宽场，但光谱分辨的闪光灯和映射的结果到光谱响应的四个锥。这种“光谱电路映射”允许在一个简单的线性模型中解释双极细胞反应的光谱和时间方差的95%，从而揭示了内部视网膜的几个显着的整合规则。双极细胞主要由红色视锥细胞输入，通常与蓝色和绿色视锥细胞的等号输入一起。与此相反，紫外线锥输入与其余锥不相关。这导致了一个新的光谱双折射轴，其中红色，绿色和蓝色锥“关闭”电路连接到“天然开启”紫外线锥电路的最外部分的内丛状层-就像如何在哺乳动物中建立关键的颜色对手电路。除此之外，尽管锥细胞中不存在大量的时间多样性，但双极细胞的光谱调谐却出奇地简单。他们要么大致相似的对手和非对手的光谱图案已经存在于锥或表现出刻板的非对手宽带响应。通过这种方式，双极细胞不仅保留了视锥细胞中有效的光谱表征，而且还使它们多样化，从而建立了总共六个占主导地位的光谱图案，其中包括三个光谱双极性轴。斑马鱼幼体双极细胞编码三条光谱相干轴，两条较长波长的对抗轴可能遗传自视锥细胞，一条短波长的对抗轴可能存在于视网膜内层，第三条对抗轴可能与哺乳动物的S-视锥对抗回路相连。在四色视斑马鱼身上使用“光谱电路映射”将它们的视网膜双极细胞与视锥细胞联系起来。这揭示了内层视网膜的主导功能整合规则，突出了光谱双折射的三个轴的存在，并表明鱼类和哺乳动物的颜色回路之间可能存在进化联系。
Retinal bipolar cells integrate cone signals at dendritic and axonal sites. The axonal route, involving amacrine cells, remains largely uncharted. However, because cone types differ in their spectral sensitivities, insights into bipolar cells’ cone integration might be gained based on their spectral tunings. We therefore recorded in vivo responses of bipolar cell presynaptic terminals in larval zebrafish to widefield but spectrally resolved flashes of light and mapped the results onto spectral responses of the four cones. This “spectral circuit mapping” allowed explaining ∼95% of the spectral and temporal variance of bipolar cell responses in a simple linear model, thereby revealing several notable integration rules of the inner retina. Bipolar cells were dominated by red-cone inputs, often alongside equal sign inputs from blue and green cones. In contrast, UV-cone inputs were uncorrelated with those of the remaining cones. This led to a new axis of spectral opponency where red-, green-, and blue-cone “Off” circuits connect to “natively-On” UV-cone circuits in the outermost fraction of the inner plexiform layer—much as how key color opponent circuits are established in mammals. Beyond this, and despite substantial temporal diversity that was not present in the cones, bipolar cell spectral tunings were surprisingly simple. They either approximately resembled both opponent and non-opponent spectral motifs already present in the cones or exhibited a stereotyped non-opponent broadband response. In this way, bipolar cells not only preserved the efficient spectral representations in the cones but also diversified them to set up a total of six dominant spectral motifs, which included three axes of spectral opponency. Three axes of spectral opponency are encoded by larval zebrafish bipolar cells The two longer wavelength opponent axes are probably inherited from cones The short-wavelength opponent axis is probably built in the inner retina This third opponent axis may link with S-cone opponent circuit in mammals Bartel et al. use “spectral circuit mapping” in the tetrachromat zebrafish to link their retinal bipolar cells to cones. This reveals the inner retina’s dominant functional integration rules, highlights the existence of three axes of spectral opponency, and suggests a possible evolutionary link between color circuits in fish and mammals.
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