Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation.
Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-87672-3
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发表时间：
2021-04-21
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Campàs O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banavar SP;Carn EK;Rowghanian P;Stooke-Vaughan G;Kim S;Campàs O
将胚胎组织塑造成它们的功能形态需要细胞在空间和时间上控制组织的物理状态。虽然细胞力或细胞增殖的区域变化通常被认为是控制组织形态发生的主要物理因素，但最近的实验表明，组织物理（流体/固体）状态的空间变化在塑造胚胎组织中起着关键作用。在这里，我们从理论上研究如何区域控制流体和固体组织状态引导形态发生流形状的延伸脊椎动物体轴。我们的研究结果表明，沿前后轴沿着的流体到固体组织过渡的存在和组织表面张力决定了组织的形状及其单向伸长的能力，大的组织张力防止单向伸长并促进团块状组织扩张。我们预测的组织形态发生流和应力，使单向轴伸长。我们的研究结果表明，存在一个急剧的过渡的形态发生流的结构，从一个没有涡流的流与两个反向旋转的涡流，在流场中的拓扑缺陷的数量和位置的过渡所造成的。最后，比较理论预测定量测量的组织流量和形状在斑马鱼体轴伸长，我们表明，所观察到的形态发生事件可以解释存在的流体到固体的组织过渡沿着前后轴。这些结果突出了时空控制的流体到固体的转变，在组织状态的胚胎形态发生的物理机制的作用。
Shaping embryonic tissues into their functional morphologies requires cells to control the physical state of the tissue in space and time. While regional variations in cellular forces or cell proliferation have been typically assumed to be the main physical factors controlling tissue morphogenesis, recent experiments have revealed that spatial variations in the tissue physical (fluid/solid) state play a key role in shaping embryonic tissues. Here we theoretically study how the regional control of fluid and solid tissue states guides morphogenetic flows to shape the extending vertebrate body axis. Our results show that both the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis and the tissue surface tension determine the shape of the tissue and its ability to elongate unidirectionally, with large tissue tensions preventing unidirectional elongation and promoting blob-like tissue expansions. We predict both the tissue morphogenetic flows and stresses that enable unidirectional axis elongation. Our results show the existence of a sharp transition in the structure of morphogenetic flows, from a flow with no vortices to a flow with two counter-rotating vortices, caused by a transition in the number and location of topological defects in the flow field. Finally, comparing the theoretical predictions to quantitative measurements of both tissue flows and shape during zebrafish body axis elongation, we show that the observed morphogenetic events can be explained by the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis. These results highlight the role of spatiotemporally-controlled fluid-to-solid transitions in the tissue state as a physical mechanism of embryonic morphogenesis.
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