Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in young children living in an agricultural community.
Determinants of organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels in young children living in an agricultural community.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph8041061
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eskenazi B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradman A;Castorina R;Barr DB;Chevrier J;Harnly ME;Eisen EA;McKone TE;Harley K;Holland N;Eskenazi B
有机磷(OP)杀虫剂被用于农业，其中几种已注册用于家庭使用。随着幼儿年龄的增长，由于饮食、行为和其他因素的不同，他们可能会经历不同的农药暴露。我们测定了6、12、24个月大的∼400名儿童尿样中的6种二烷基磷酸盐代谢物(3种二甲基烷基磷酸盐和3种二乙基烷基磷酸盐)。我们检验了DAP代谢物水平与诸如年龄、饮食、季节和父母职业等决定因素之间的双变量关联。为了评估独立的影响，我们使用了包含交互作用项与年龄的广义线性混合多变量模型。最终的模型表明，DMAP代谢物水平随着年龄的增长而增加。DMAP水平也与6个月和24个月的农产品日摄入量呈正相关。在6个月大的婴儿中，在夏季/春季采集样本时，DMAP代谢物水平高于冬季/秋季。在12个月大的婴儿中，当儿童居住在距离农田60米的≤时，DMAP和DEAP代谢物较高。在24个月大的婴儿中，DEAP代谢物水平在夏季/春季较高。我们的发现表明，有机磷农药暴露有多个决定因素，特别是饮食摄入量和时间和空间上接近农业使用。这些决定因素的影响因年龄和DAP代谢物的类别而异。
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are used in agriculture and several are registered for home use. As young children age they may experience different pesticide exposures due to varying diet, behavior, and other factors. We measured six OP dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites (three dimethyl alkylphosphates (DMAP) and three diethyl alkylphosphates (DEAP)) in urine samples collected from ∼400 children living in an agricultural community when they were 6, 12, and 24 months old. We examined bivariate associations between DAP metabolite levels and determinants such as age, diet, season, and parent occupation. To evaluate independent impacts, we then used generalized linear mixed multivariable models including interaction terms with age. The final models indicated that DMAP metabolite levels increased with age. DMAP levels were also positively associated with daily servings of produce at 6- and 24-months. Among the 6-month olds, DMAP metabolite levels were higher when samples were collected during the summer/spring versus the winter/fall months. Among the 12-month olds, DMAP and DEAP metabolites were higher when children lived ≤60 meters from an agricultural field. Among the 24-month-olds, DEAP metabolite levels were higher during the summer/spring months. Our findings suggest that there are multiple determinants of OP pesticide exposures, notably dietary intake and temporal and spatial proximity to agricultural use. The impact of these determinants varied by age and class of DAP metabolite.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Hogan, JW;Lancaster, T
通讯作者：
Lancaster, T
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Fenske RA;Lu C;Barr D;Needham L
通讯作者：
Needham L
居住在农业社区的儿童尿液中有机磷酸盐农药代谢物的变化。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lambert, William E;Lasarev, Michael;Muniz, Juan;Scherer, Jennifer;Rothlein, Joan;Santana, Juanita;McCauley, Linda
通讯作者：
McCauley, Linda
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500322
发表时间：
2004-05-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bravo, R;Caltabiano, LM;Barr, DB
通讯作者：
Barr, DB
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bradman, A;Chevrier, J;Eskenazi, B
通讯作者：
Eskenazi, B