Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State.
Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.02110549
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发表时间：
2002-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Needham L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fenske RA;Lu C;Barr D;Needham L
我们测量了两个二乙基有机磷（OP）农药-毒死蜱和敌百虫-在住宅，和他们的代谢副产品，在6岁或6岁以下的儿童在华盛顿州中部的农业社区的尿液。此前曾报告过该人群接触两种二甲基OP农药（甲基噻嗪酮和双氯氰菊酯）的情况。我们根据父母的职业和家庭与农药处理过的农田的接近程度对儿童进行了分类。毒死蜱屋尘中位浓度最高的是49个施药者家庭（0.4微克/克），其次是12个农场工人家庭（0.3微克/克）和14个非农业参考家庭（0.1微克/克），并且具有统计学差异（p < 0.001）;我们观察到屋尘中毒死蜱的相似模式。毒死蜱在所有家庭的灰尘中都是可测量的，而我们只在41%的家庭中发现了毒死蜱。24%的研究儿童的尿液样本具有可测量的3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCPy）浓度[定量限（LOQ）= 8微克/升]，7%具有可测量的4-硝基苯酚浓度（LOQ = 9微克/升）。儿童尿代谢物浓度在父母职业分类中没有差异。家庭在接近（200英尺/60米）农药处理的农田有较高的毒死蜱（p = 0.01）和毒死蜱（p = 0.014）的房屋粉尘浓度比家庭更远，但这种影响并没有反映在尿代谢物的数据。在花园里使用OP杀虫剂与儿童尿液中TCPy浓度的增加有关。从1992年到1995年，室内灰尘中的对硫磷浓度下降了10倍，这与该区域在1990年代初停止使用该产品的情况一致。
We measured two diethyl organophosphorus (OP) pesticides--chlorpyrifos and parathion--in residences, and their metabolic by-products, in the urine of children 6 years old or younger in a central Washington State agricultural community. Exposures to two dimethyl OP pesticides (azinphos-methyl and phosmet) in this same population have been reported previously. We categorized children by parental occupation and by household proximity to pesticide-treated farmland. Median chlorpyrifos house dust concentrations were highest for the 49 applicator homes (0.4 microg/g), followed by the 12 farm-worker homes (0.3 microg/g) and the 14 nonagricultural reference homes (0.1 microg/g), and were statistically different (p < 0.001); we observed a similar pattern for parathion in house dust. Chlorpyrifos was measurable in the house dust of all homes, whereas we found parathion in only 41% of the homes. Twenty-four percent of the urine samples from study children had measurable 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) concentrations [limits of quantitation (LOQ) = 8 microg/L], and 7% had measurable 4-nitrophenol concentrations (LOQ = 9 microg/L). Child urinary metabolite concentrations did not differ across parental occupational classifications. Homes in close proximity (200 ft/60 m) to pesticide-treated farmland had higher chlorpyrifos (p = 0.01) and parathion (p = 0.014) house dust concentrations than did homes farther away, but this effect was not reflected in the urinary metabolite data. Use of OP pesticides in the garden was associated with an increase in TCPy concentrations in children's urine. Parathion concentrations in house dust decreased 10-fold from 1992 to 1995, consistent with the discontinued use of this product in the region in the early 1990s.
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影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Hill, RH;Head, SL;Needham, LL
通讯作者：
Needham, LL
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Lu, CS;Fenske, RA;Kalman, D
通讯作者：
Kalman, D
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Loewenherz, C;Fenske, RA;Kalman, D
通讯作者：
Kalman, D
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lu, CS;Knutson, DE;Fenske, RA
通讯作者：
Fenske, RA
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Simcox, NJ;Fenske, RA;Kalman, DA
通讯作者：
Kalman, DA