Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnagi.2021.617588
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Yang L
Yang L
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Misrani A;Tabassum S;Yang L

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线粒体在生物能量学和呼吸功能中起着关键作用,这是支撑细胞生存的众多生化过程所必需的。线粒体形态通过分裂和融合过程(所谓的线粒体动力学)来响应外界的损伤和代谢状态的变化,以维持线粒体的质量和动态平衡。受损的线粒体通过一种称为有丝分裂的过程来移除,这一过程涉及到通过特定的自噬途径来降解线粒体。在过去的几年里,人们努力研究各种形式的线粒体功能障碍在阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病机制中的作用,这些功能障碍包括:活性氧(ROS)产生过多、线粒体钙稳态失调、ATP丢失、线粒体动力学和运输缺陷以及有丝分裂。最近的研究表明,通过体育锻炼、抗氧化饮食或治疗方法恢复线粒体功能可以延缓AD的发病和进展。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了线粒体功能改变和氧化应激在AD发病机制中的关键作用的最新进展,强调了现有和潜在的治疗方法的框架。
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in bioenergetics and respiratory functions, which are essential for the numerous biochemical processes underpinning cell viability. Mitochondrial morphology changes rapidly in response to external insults and changes in metabolic status via fission and fusion processes (so-called mitochondrial dynamics) that maintain mitochondrial quality and homeostasis. Damaged mitochondria are removed by a process known as mitophagy, which involves their degradation by a specific autophagosomal pathway. Over the last few years, remarkable efforts have been made to investigate the impact on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) of various forms of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, loss of ATP, and defects in mitochondrial dynamics and transport, and mitophagy. Recent research suggests that restoration of mitochondrial function by physical exercise, an antioxidant diet, or therapeutic approaches can delay the onset and slow the progression of AD. In this review, we focus on recent progress that highlights the crucial role of alterations in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, emphasizing a framework of existing and potential therapeutic approaches.
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