Shared and distinct mechanisms of iron acquisition by bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans.
Shared and distinct mechanisms of iron acquisition by bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2013.00080
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kronstad JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caza M;Kronstad JW
铁是人体内含量最丰富的过渡金属，其生物利用度受到严格控制。特别是，铁与转铁蛋白等宿主蛋白紧密结合，以维持体内平衡，限制生理条件下铁中毒造成的潜在损害，并限制病原体的进入。因此，在人类宿主感染过程中获得铁是每一个成功的病原微生物必须克服的挑战。铁对细菌和真菌的生理过程是必不可少的，如DNA复制、转录、新陈代谢和通过呼吸产生能量。因此，病原细菌和真菌已经制定了复杂的策略，以从宿主来源获得铁。事实上，铁载体的生产和运输，从血红素和宿主含铁蛋白(如血红蛋白和转铁蛋白)中获取铁，以及在随后的运输中将铁还原为亚铁，这些都是在人类的细菌和真菌病原体中发现的策略。这篇综述着重于细菌和真菌病原体在毒力和人体内作为天然营养防御机制的铁限制的背景下的这些策略的比较。
Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the human body and its bioavailability is stringently controlled. In particular, iron is tightly bound to host proteins such as transferrin to maintain homeostasis, to limit potential damage caused by iron toxicity under physiological conditions and to restrict access by pathogens. Therefore, iron acquisition during infection of a human host is a challenge that must be surmounted by every successful pathogenic microorganism. Iron is essential for bacterial and fungal physiological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, metabolism, and energy generation via respiration. Hence, pathogenic bacteria and fungi have developed sophisticated strategies to gain access to iron from host sources. Indeed, siderophore production and transport, iron acquisition from heme and host iron-containing proteins such as hemoglobin and transferrin, and reduction of ferric to ferrous iron with subsequent transport are all strategies found in bacterial and fungal pathogens of humans. This review focuses on a comparison of these strategies between bacterial and fungal pathogens in the context of virulence and the iron limitation that occurs in the human body as a mechanism of innate nutritional defense.
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作者：
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