Effects of Transparency on Perceived Humanness: Implications for Rendering Skin Tones Using Optical See-Through Displays
Effects of Transparency on Perceived Humanness: Implications for Rendering Skin Tones Using Optical See-Through Displays
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透明度对感知人性的影响：对使用光学透视显示器渲染肤色的影响
DOI：
10.1109/tvcg.2022.3150521
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Bruder, Gerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peck, Tabitha C.;Good, Jessica J.;Erickson, Austin;Bynum, Isaac;Bruder, Gerd
增强现实领域中的当前光学透视显示器在其显示具有色调、饱和度、亮度（HSL）颜色空间中的低亮度的颜色的能力方面是有限的，从而导致这样的颜色看起来是透明的。这种硬件限制可能会在虚拟人的场景中添加意外的偏差。人类具有不同的肤色，包括具有低亮度的HSL颜色。当用光学透视设备显示虚拟人时，具有低亮度肤色的人可以被半透明地显示，而具有高亮度肤色的人将被更不透明地显示。例如，黑色化身可以在与将显得更不透明的白色化身相同的场景中显得半透明。我们提出了一个探索性的用户研究（）调查是否不同的不透明度水平导致非人性化的头像和人脸。结果支持，非人性化发生的不透明性降低。这表明在类似的照明中，低亮度肤色（例如，黑色面孔）将被视为比高亮度肤色（例如，白色面孔）。此外，虚拟人脸的感知情感也预测感知人性。愤怒的脸总体上被认为不太像人类，而在较低的不透明度水平下，快乐的脸被认为更像人类。我们的研究结果表明，需要更多的研究来了解情感性和不透明性对非人性化的影响和相互作用。此外，我们提供的证据表明，无意中的种族偏见可能会增加使用虚拟人的光学透视设备开发时。我们强调了潜在的偏见，并讨论了未来研究的意义和方向。
Current optical see-through displays in the field of augmented reality are limited in their ability to display colors with lowlightnessin the hue, saturation, lightness (HSL) color space, causing such colors to appear transparent. This hardware limitation may add unintended bias into scenarios with virtual humans. Humans have varying skin tones including HSL colors with low lightness. When virtual humans are displayed with optical see-through devices, people with low lightness skin tones may be displayed semi-transparently while those with high lightness skin tones will be displayed more opaquely. For example, a Black avatar may appear semi-transparent in the same scene as a White avatar who will appear more opaque. We present an exploratory user study () investigating whether differing opacity levels result in dehumanizing avatar and human faces. Results support that dehumanization occurs as opacity decreases. This suggests that in similar lighting, low lightness skin tones (e.g., Black faces) will be viewed as less human than high lightness skin tones (e.g., White faces). Additionally, the perceived emotionality of virtual human faces also predicts perceived humanness. Angry faces were seen overall as less human, and at lower opacity levels happy faces were seen as more human. Our results suggest that additional research is needed to understand the effects and interactions of emotionality and opacity on dehumanization. Further, we provide evidence that unintentional racial bias may be added when developing for optical see-through devices using virtual humans. We highlight the potential bias and discuss implications and directions for future research.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-31908-3_15
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sims, Calvin M.
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.2312/egve.20201264
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
--
影响因子：
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作者：
Nahal Norouzi;Kangsoo Kim;G. Bruder;A. Erickson;Zubin Choudhary;Yifan Li;G. Welch
通讯作者：
Nahal Norouzi;Kangsoo Kim;G. Bruder;A. Erickson;Zubin Choudhary;Yifan Li;G. Welch