Characterization of the duplicate L-SIGN and DC-SIGN genes in miiuy croaker and evolutionary analysis of L-SIGN in fishes.
Characterization of the duplicate L-SIGN and DC-SIGN genes in miiuy croaker and evolutionary analysis of L-SIGN in fishes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2015.01.004
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Xu T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shu C;Wang S;Xu T
对大黄鱼DC-SIGN和L-SIGN进行了综合分析。在某些鱼类中还存在一个L-SIGN-like基因，可能来源于L-SIGN重复。我们首次在硬骨鱼中发现了L-SIGN保守基因的同线性。目前鱼类中L-SIGN的谱系经历了正向选择。DC-SIGN和L-SIGN在免疫应答中起重要作用。DC SIGN的同源物DC SIGN/CD 209和L-SIGN/CD 299是C型凝集素受体家族的重要成员，是先天免疫系统识别和清除病原体的关键分子。DC-SIGN和L-SIGN在哺乳动物中均作为细胞粘附和吞噬病原体识别受体，近年来成为研究热点。然而，目前对鱼类DC-SIGN和L-SIGN的结构和特性的研究几乎没有，仅对斑马鱼的DC-SIGN进行了研究。在我们的研究中，我们鉴定并表征了全长的Miichthys miiuy（Miichthys miiuy）DC-SIGN（mmDC-SIGN）和L-SIGN（mmL-SIGN）基因。序列分析结果表明，mmDC-SIGN和mmL-SIGN与灵长类动物以外的其他脊椎动物具有相同的结构域，并且在CRD中具有一些在所有脊椎动物中共同的保守基序，这些保守基序在与Ca 2+相互作用和识别含甘露糖基序中起着关键作用。首次对DC-SIGN和L-SIGN基因进行了同线性分析，发现L-SIGN基因在5种鱼类中具有保守性。有趣的是，基因同线性中L-SIGN旁边的一个基因与鱼类中被描述为L-SIGN样的L-SIGN基因具有高度相似性。其他脊椎动物中只有一个L-SIGN基因，而鱼类中存在两个L-SIGN基因，这可能是鱼类为适应特定环境而进行的基因组复制的结果。进化分析表明，鱼类L-SIGN基因的祖先谱系经历了纯化选择，而鱼类L-SIGN基因的当前谱系经历了正选择，表明鱼类L-SIGN基因的祖先谱系和当前谱系经历了不同的进化模式。mmDC-SIGN和mmL-SIGN在所有受试组织中均表达，并且在不同采样时间点在感染的肝、脾和肾中普遍上调，表明mmDC-SIGN和mmL-SIGN参与防御细菌感染的免疫应答。
Miiuy croaker DC-SIGN and L-SIGN have been comprehensively analyzed. An additional L-SIGN-like gene exists in some fishes which may be from L-SIGN duplication. We are the first to explore conserved gene synteny of L-SIGN in teleosts. The current lineages of L-SIGN in fishes undergo positive selection. Miiuy croaker DC-SIGN and L-SIGN play important roles in immune response. Dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN/CD209) and liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN/CD299) which are homologues of DC-SIGN are important members in C-type lectin receptors family as key molecules to recognize and eliminate pathogens in the innate immune system. DC-SIGN and L-SIGN have become hot topics in recent studies which both served as cell adhesion and phagocytic pathogen recognition receptors in mammals. However, there have been almost no studies of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN structure and characters in fish, only DC-SIGN in the zebrafish had been studied. In our study, we identified and characterized the full-length miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) DC-SIGN (mmDC-SIGN) and L-SIGN (mmL-SIGN) genes. The sequence analysis results showed that mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN have the same domains with other vertebrates except primates, and share some conserved motifs in CRD among all the vertebrates which play a crucial role in interacting with Ca2+ and for recognizing mannose-containing motifs. Gene synteny of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN were analyzed for the first time and gene synteny of L-SIGN was conserved among the five fishes. Interestingly, one gene next to L-SIGN from gene synteny had high similarity with L-SIGN gene that was described as L-SIGN-like in fish species. While only one L-SIGN gene existed in other vertebrates, two L-SIGN in fish may be in consequence of the fish-specific genome duplication to adapt the specific environment. The evolutionary analysis showed that the ancestral lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes experienced purifying selection and the current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent positive selection, indicating that the ancestral lineages and current lineages of L-SIGN gene in fishes underwent different evolutionary patterns. Both mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN were expressed in all tested tissues and ubiquitously up-regulated in infected liver, spleen and kidney at different sampling time points, indicating that the mmDC-SIGN and mmL-SIGN participated in the immune response to defense against bacteria infection.
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