"Shift-and-Persist" Strategies: Why Low Socioeconomic Status Isn't Always Bad for Health.
"Shift-and-Persist" Strategies: Why Low Socioeconomic Status Isn't Always Bad for Health.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691612436694
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发表时间：
2012-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Miller GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen E;Miller GE
有些人尽管在生活中经常面临严重的逆境，如社会经济地位低下，但仍然能够保持良好的身体健康。这篇文章探讨了为什么这些个体偏离了低社会经济地位与健康状况不佳的预期联系，并概述了一个“转变和坚持”模型来解释所涉及的心理生物学机制。这个模型提出，在逆境中，一些孩子会找到榜样，教他们信任他人，更好地调节自己的情绪，并专注于自己的未来。在一生中，这些低社会经济地位的孩子会养成一种生活方式，优先考虑改变自己（接受压力并使自己适应压力），并结合坚持（坚持意义和乐观，以力量忍受生活）。这种转移和坚持策略的结合减轻了交感神经系统和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质对低SES个体所面临的压力源的反应。这种趋势通过预防应激反应的致病性后遗症，如胰岛素抵抗、高血压和全身性炎症，使个体远离慢性疾病的发展轨迹。我们概述了该模型的证据，并认为，鉴于改善弱势群体财务状况的资源有限，在这种经济环境下，努力确定促进弹性的过程是很重要的。
Some individuals, despite facing recurrent, severe adversities in life such as low socioeconomic status (SES), are nonetheless able to maintain good physical health. This article explores why these individuals deviate from the expected association of low SES with poor health, and outlines a “shift-and-persist” model to explain the psychobiological mechanisms involved. This model proposes that in the midst of adversity, some children find role models who teach them to trust others, better regulate their emotions, and focus on their futures. Over a lifetime, these low SES children develop an approach to life that prioritizes shifting oneself (accepting stress for what it is and adapting the self to it) in combination with persisting (enduring life with strength by holding on to meaning and optimism). This combination of shift-and-persist strategies mitigates sympathetic-nervous-system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical responses to the barrage of stressors that low SES individuals confront. This tendency vectors individuals off the trajectory to chronic disease by forestalling pathogenic sequelae of stress reactivity, like insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and systemic inflammation. We outline evidence for the model, and argue that efforts to identify resilience-promoting processes are important in this economic climate, given limited resources for improving the financial circumstances of disadvantaged individuals.
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影响因子：
120.7
作者：
ADLER, NE;BOYCE, WT;SYME, SL
通讯作者：
SYME, SL
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Bower, JE;Kemeny, ME;Fahey, JL
通讯作者：
Fahey, JL
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Bonanno, GA;Galea, S;Vlahov, D
通讯作者：
Vlahov, D
DOI：
10.1207/s15374424jccp2304_5
发表时间：
1994-12-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
ATTAR, BK;GUERRA, NG;TOLAN, PH
通讯作者：
TOLAN, PH
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Braveman, Paula A.;Cubbin, Catherine;Pamuk, Elsie
通讯作者：
Pamuk, Elsie