Weaning U.S. food-animals off antimicrobials: What can we learn from state- and city-level policies?
Weaning U.S. food-animals off antimicrobials: What can we learn from state- and city-level policies?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0282315
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
抗菌剂在全世界食用动物生产中广泛使用，用于控制和预防疾病以及提高饲料转化效率和促进生长。畜牧业中抗菌药物的不当使用可能会促进抗菌药物耐药性，从而对人类、动物和环境健康构成威胁。美国最近实施了州和市政策，以改善该部门的抗菌药物使用和报告。本研究分析了两项州级政策（加利福尼亚州 (CA) 和马里兰州 (MD)）以及加利福尼亚州旧金山 (SF) 的一项市级政策的实施情况，该政策旨在减少食用动物中抗菌药物的使用并提高抗菌药物使用的透明度。定性分析基于对关键知情人 (KI) (n = 19) 的深入访谈，他们有在这些地方政策的背景下实施或工作的直接经验。两名研究人员使用三阶段的扎根理论编码程序记录访谈并独立分析转录。这项研究确定了四个主要发现，包括 1) 政策中关于抗菌药物使用的模糊语言降低了政策有效性； 2) 生产者缺乏报告对评估政策对实际使用影响的能力提出了挑战； 3）需要不同的利益相关者参与，以制定更有效的政策； 4) 资金应与政策挂钩，以提供报告和数据分析。该分析提供了对现有政策的成功和失败的见解，并为未来旨在改善食用动物中抗菌药物明智使用的地方政策提供了信息。
Antimicrobials are widely used worldwide in food animal production for controlling and preventing disease and for improving feed conversion efficiency and growth promotion. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animal agriculture has the potential to promote antimicrobial resistance, which represents a threat to human, animal, and environmental health. State and municipal policies in the United States have recently been implemented to improve antimicrobial use and reporting in this sector. This study analyzed the implementation of two state-level policies (California (CA) and Maryland (MD)) and a city-level policy in San Francisco (SF), California that aimed to reduce the use of antimicrobials in food-animals and increase transparency of antimicrobial use. A qualitative analysis was based on in-depth interviews with key informants (KIs) (n = 19) who had direct experience implementing or working in the context of these sub-national policies. Interviews were recorded and transcriptions were analyzed independently by two researchers using a three-stage, grounded theory coding procedure. This study identified four major findings, including 1) vague language on antimicrobial use within policies reduces policy effectiveness; 2) the lack of reporting by producers challenges the ability to evaluate the impact of the policies on actual use; 3) diverse stakeholders need to be involved in order to develop a more effective policy; and 4) funding should be linked to the policy to provide for reporting and data analysis. This analysis provides insights on the successes and failures of existing policies and serves to inform future sub-national policies aiming to improve the judicious use of antimicrobials in food-animals.
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影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Guidos, Robert J.;Spellberg, Brad;Gilbert, David N.
通讯作者：
Gilbert, David N.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Graham, Jay P.;Boland, John J.;Silbergeld, Ellen
通讯作者：
Silbergeld, Ellen
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijid.2018.01.011
发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Alvarez-Uria G;Gandra S;Mandal S;Laxminarayan R
通讯作者：
Laxminarayan R
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Innes GK;Markos A;Dalton KR;Gould CA;Nachman KE;Fanzo J;Barnhill A;Frattaroli S;Davis MF
通讯作者：
Davis MF