Number and Regulation of Protozoan Aquaporins Reflect Environmental Complexity

Number and Regulation of Protozoan Aquaporins Reflect Environmental Complexity
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原生动物水通道蛋白的数量和调控反映了环境的复杂性

DOI:
10.1086/bblv229n1p38
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
The Biological Bulletin
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
von Bülow
von Bülow
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
von Bülow

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原生动物是单细胞真核生物的一个不同的群体。越来越多的证据表明,原生动物水通道蛋白水和溶质通道(AQP)有助于适应不断变化的环境。细胞内原生动物寄生虫过着良好的庇护生活。弓形虫、克氏锥虫和利沙姆氏锥虫表达单一AQP。编码多达五个AQPs。它们的AQPs被认为输入代谢前体,同时处理废物,并帮助寄生虫在传播到昆虫载体和从昆虫载体或在肾脏通道期间生存渗透压。布氏锥虫是一种在人类血液中自由游动的原生动物寄生虫。threeT的表达和细胞内定位。布鲁氏菌AQP依赖于生命周期中的分化阶段,表明其在能量产生、代谢和细胞运动中具有不同的作用。自由生活的变形虫与环境直接接触,遇到严重的和突然的变化,在营养的可用性,并在渗透条件下,由于降雨或干旱。变形变形虫表达一个单一的水通道蛋白,存在于收缩液泡复合体中,需要调节细胞增殖,而盘状网骨藻表达四个水通道蛋白,其中两个存在于单细胞变形虫阶段,另外两个存在于孢子形成之前的后期多细胞阶段。原生动物水通道蛋白的数量和调控可能反映了环境的复杂性。我们从D突出显示门控AqpB。discoideum是野生生命如何受到复杂AQP结构-功能关系挑战的一个例子。
Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes. Evidence has accumulated that protozoan aquaporin water and solute channels (AQP) contribute to adaptation in changing environments. Intracellular protozoan parasites live a well-sheltered life.Plasmodiumspp. express a single AQP,Toxoplasma gondiitwo, whileTrypanosoma cruziandLeishamniaspp. encode up to five AQPs. Their AQPs are thought to import metabolic precursors and simultaneously to dispose of waste and to help parasites survive osmotic stress during transmission to and from the insect vector or during kidney passages.Trypanosoma bruceiis a protozoan parasite that swims freely in the human blood. Expression and intracellular localization of the threeT. bruceiAQPs depend on the stage of differentiation during the life cycle, suggesting distinct roles in energy generation, metabolism, and cell motility. Free-living amoebae are in direct contact with the environment, encountering severe and sudden changes in the availability of nutrition, and in the osmotic conditions due to rainfall or drought.Amoeba proteusexpresses a single AQP that is present in the contractile vacuole complex required for osmoregulation, whereasDictyostelium discoideumexpresses four AQPs, of which two are present in the single-celled amoeboidal stage and two more in the later multicellular stages preceding spore formation. The number and regulation of protozoan aquaporins may reflect environmental complexity. We highlight the gated AqpB fromD. discoideumas an example of how life in the wild is challenged by a complex AQP structure-function relationship.
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