When Couples Cope With Job Loss: A Strategy for Developing and Testing Preventive Interventions
When Couples Cope With Job Loss: A Strategy for Developing and Testing Preventive Interventions
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当夫妇应对失业时：制定和测试预防干预措施的策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. McGrath
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Howe;R. Caplan;D. A. Foster;M. Lockshin;C. McGrath
工作是决定美国人对生活质量看法的一个基本因素。在过去15年中，就业在妇女和男子的生活中都起着中心作用，已婚妇女和单身母亲参加劳动力的人数大大增加（Nieva，1988年）。随着经济变化引发工作场所关闭和劳动力减少，估计每年有1000万员工失去工作（美国劳工部，1986年）。从大萧条到现在的调查结果，基于横截面，纵向和前瞻性设计，已经记录了失业者的心理和社会成本，对于个人家庭的个别成员，以及整个家庭（Dew，Penkower和Bromet，1991）。许多研究表明，失业与抑郁症状增加，焦虑增加，自尊心降低以及失业人员自杀企图的风险增加有关（Cobb & Kasl，1977）。失业似乎也影响到求职者的家庭。丈夫失去工作与殴打妻子（Windschuttle，1980）、妻子死亡（Moser，Fox，& Jones，1984）、妻子精神障碍（Bebbington，Hurry，Tennant，Sturt，& Wing，1981）和虐待儿童（Taitz，King，Nicholson，&凯塞尔，1987）的发生率增加有关。总体而言，研究文献提供了一致的证据，表明失业使最近失业的个人及其家庭面临情绪障碍和家庭生活质量恶化的重大风险。因此，这项研究表明，在失业之前或之后不久采取的干预措施对减少这些风险和预防刚才描述的有害的社会和情绪后遗症具有很大的希望。旨在帮助个人求职者有效科普失业的预防性干预措施的实验性试验已经证明，对求职者来说，经济和心理上都有显著的好处（Vinokur，货车瑞恩，Gramlich，& Price，1991）。研究还表明，家庭可能在以下方面发挥重要作用：
Work is a fundamental determinant of how Americans feel about the quality of their life. In the past 15 years, employment has gained a central role in the lives of women as well as men, with married women and single mothers greatly increasing their participation in the workforce (Nieva, 1988). As economic changes trigger workplace shutdowns and reductions in the workforce, an estimated 10 million employees annually lose their jobs (U.S. Department of Labor, 1986). Findings from the Great Depression to the present, based on cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective designs, have documented the psychological and social costs of job loss for the unemployed person, for individual members of the person's family, and for the family as a whole (Dew, Penkower, & Bromet, 1991). Numerous studies have shown that job loss is associated with increased depressive symptoms, increased anxiety, lower selfesteem, and increased risk of suicide attempts by the unemployed person (Cobb & Kasl, 1977). Job loss also appears to affect the family of the job seeker. The husband's loss of a job is related to increased incidence of wife battering ( Windschuttle, 1980), wife mortality (Moser, Fox, & Jones, 1984), wife psychiatric disorder (Bebbington, Hurry, Tennant, Sturt, & Wing, 1981), and child abuse (Taitz, King, Nicholson, & Kessel, 1987). As a whole, the research literature provides consistent evidence that job loss puts the recently unemployed individual and his or her family at significant risk for emotional disorders and for deterioration of the quality of family life. As such, this research suggests that interventions delivered before or shortly after job loss hold great promise for reducing these risks and for preventing the harmful social and emotional sequelae just described. Experimental trials of preventive interventions aimed at helping the individual job seeker cope effectively with job loss have demonstrated significant financial and psychological benefits for the job seeker (Vinokur, van Ryn, Gramlich, & Price, 1991). Research also has shown that families may have an important role to
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.213
发表时间：
1991-04
期刊：
The Journal of applied psychology
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Vinokur;M. Ryn;E. Gramlich;R. Price
通讯作者：
A. Vinokur;M. Ryn;E. Gramlich;R. Price
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Markman,HJ;Floyd,FJ;Stanley,SM;Storaasli,RD
通讯作者：
Storaasli,RD
超越社会支持：社会关系在适应中的作用。
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Coyne,JC;DeLongis,A
通讯作者：
DeLongis,A
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
CAPLAN, RD;VINOKUR, AD;VANRYN, M
通讯作者：
VANRYN, M
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
COYNE, JC;KESSLER, RC;GREDEN, JF
通讯作者：
GREDEN, JF