Enhanced mosquito vectorial capacity underlies the Cape Verde Zika epidemic.
Enhanced mosquito vectorial capacity underlies the Cape Verde Zika epidemic.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001864
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发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Lambrechts, Louis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rose, Noah H.;Dabo, Stephanie;Leal, Silvania da Veiga;Sylla, Massamba;Diagne, Cheikh T.;Faye, Oumar;Faye, Ousmane;Sall, Amadou A.;McBride, Carolyn S.;Lambrechts, Louis
自2007年以来，寨卡病毒（ZIKV）在太平洋和美洲的爆炸性出现与数十万例人类病例和严重后果有关，包括妊娠期间感染ZIKV引起的先天性小头畸形。尽管ZIKV首先在乌干达被分离，但非洲迄今为止尚未发生大规模ZIKV流行，尽管非洲人群中普遍存在易感性。对这种模式的一个可能的解释是ZIKV的主要载体埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）种群之间的自然变异。全球入侵的Ae。非洲以外的埃及人被认为是有效的ZIKV载体，因为他们是具有高内在ZIKV易感性的人类专家，而非洲的埃及人群体被认为是有效的ZIKV载体。在该物种的原生范围内，埃及人主要是具有低内在ZIKV易感性的多面手，使他们不太可能在人群中传播病毒。我们通过研究在非洲大部分地区观察到的模式的一个显著例外来测试这一想法：佛得角在2015年至2016年经历了大规模的ZIKV疫情。我们发现当地的阿。佛得角的埃及伊蚊具有大量的人类专家祖先，显示出对人类宿主的强烈行为偏好，并表现出对ZIKV感染的易感性增加，这与ZIKV流行病学中蚊子种群之间的变异的关键作用一致。这些发现表明，类似的人类专家群体的Ae。在西非萨赫勒地区附近的埃及人，可能会扩大对快速城市化的反应，可以作为ZIKV在未来的有效载体。2015年至2016年期间，佛得角经历了非洲唯一有记录的大规模寨卡病毒疫情。这项研究为这一令人困惑的例外提供了解释，表明佛得角的埃及伊蚊表现出非典型特征，具有大量的人类专家祖先，对人类的强烈偏好，以及增强的寨卡病毒易感性。
The explosive emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) across the Pacific and Americas since 2007 was associated with hundreds of thousands of human cases and severe outcomes, including congenital microcephaly caused by ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Although ZIKV was first isolated in Uganda, Africa has so far been exempt from large-scale ZIKV epidemics, despite widespread susceptibility among African human populations. A possible explanation for this pattern is natural variation among populations of the primary vector of ZIKV, the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Globally invasive populations of Ae. aegypti outside of Africa are considered effective ZIKV vectors because they are human specialists with high intrinsic ZIKV susceptibility, whereas African populations of Ae. aegypti across the species’ native range are predominantly generalists with low intrinsic ZIKV susceptibility, making them less likely to spread viruses in the human population. We test this idea by studying a notable exception to the patterns observed across most of Africa: Cape Verde experienced a large ZIKV outbreak in 2015 to 2016. We find that local Ae. aegypti in Cape Verde have substantial human-specialist ancestry, show a robust behavioral preference for human hosts, and exhibit increased susceptibility to ZIKV infection, consistent with a key role for variation among mosquito populations in ZIKV epidemiology. These findings suggest that similar human-specialist populations of Ae. aegypti in the nearby Sahel region of West Africa, which may be expanding in response to rapid urbanization, could serve as effective vectors for ZIKV in the future. During 2015-2016, Cape Verde experienced the only documented large-scale Zika virus outbreak in Africa. This study provides an explanation for this puzzling exception by showing that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Cape Verde display atypical features, with substantial human-specialist ancestry, robust preference for humans, and enhanced Zika virus susceptibility.
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