Comparison of Motor Vehicle Crashes, Traffic Violations, and License Suspensions Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adolescent and Young Adult Drivers.
Comparison of Motor Vehicle Crashes, Traffic Violations, and License Suspensions Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adolescent and Young Adult Drivers.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2021.01.001
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Yerys BE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Curry AE;Metzger KB;Carey ME;Sartin EB;Huang P;Yerys BE
三分之一的自闭症患者在21岁前获得驾照；然而，先前的研究表明，他们可能面临更高的机动车撞车风险。我们比较了新获得执照的自闭症和非自闭症青少年的撞车、交通违法和吊销执照的客观比率。这项回顾性队列研究包括1987-2000年出生的新泽西州居民，他们是费城儿童医院医疗保健网络的患者。电子健康记录与全州的驾照和撞车数据库建立了联系。自闭症状态通过ICD诊断代码进行分类；有智力残疾的人被排除在外。我们比较了486名自闭症持证司机和70990名非自闭症持证司机在他们头48个月的驾驶期间的比率。此外，我们还研究了由特定驾驶员行为和碰撞类型导致的撞车事故比例。据估计，与非自闭症司机相比，自闭症司机的月平均事故发生率(adjRR：0.89[0.75-1.05])、移动违章(0.56[0.48-0.67])和停职(0.32[0.18-0.58])较低。在发生车祸的司机中，自闭症司机由于不安全的车速而发生撞车的可能性是一半，但由于他们没有向车辆/行人让路，在左转或掉头时发生撞车的可能性要高得多。新获得执照的自闭症青少年司机的不良驾驶结果估计比率类似较低；这些可归因于不同驾驶模式的程度是未来调查的关键点。这些撞车事故的特征有几个显著的差异，这直接为改善自闭症青少年司机驾驶安全的干预措施提供了信息。
One-third of autistic individuals obtain a driver’s license by age 21; however, prior studies suggest they may be at heightened risk for motor vehicle crashes. We compared objective rates of crashes, traffic violations, and license suspensions for newly licensed autistic and non-autistic adolescents. This retrospective cohort study included New Jersey residents born 1987–2000 who were patients of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia healthcare network. Electronic health records were linked with statewide driver licensing and crash databases. Autism status was classified via ICD diagnostic codes; those with intellectual disability were excluded. We compared rates among 486 autistic and 70,990 non-autistic licensed drivers over their first 48 months of driving. Further, we examined the proportion of crashes attributed to specific driver actions and crash types. Compared with non-autistic drivers, autistic drivers were estimated to have lower average monthly rates of crash involvement (adjRR: 0.89 [0.75–1.05]), moving violations (0.56 [0.48–0.67]), and suspensions (0.32 [0.18–0.58]). Among drivers involved in a crash, autistic drivers were half as likely to crash due to unsafe speed, but substantially more likely to crash due to their failure to yield to a vehicle/pedestrian and while making left- or U-turns. Newly licensed autistic adolescent drivers have similar to lower estimated rates of adverse driving outcomes; the extent to which these can be attributed to different driving patterns is a critical point for future investigation. There were several notable differences in the characteristics of these crashes, which directly inform interventions to improve driving safety of autistic adolescent drivers.
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