Immune-Challenged Fish Up-Regulate Their Metabolic Scope to Support Locomotion.
Immune-Challenged Fish Up-Regulate Their Metabolic Scope to Support Locomotion.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0166028
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Seebacher F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonneaud C;Wilson RS;Seebacher F
当对一种健康相关特征的投资将能量从其他特征上转移时，就会发生基于能量的权衡。然而，这种权衡在多大程度上是由食物中摄入的能量（例如碳水化合物）通过氧化代谢转化为化学能（ATP）的转化率的限制而不是首先摄入的食物量来决定的，目前尚不清楚。在这里，我们测试了蚊鱼（Gambusia holbrooki）产生免疫反应所需的 ATP 是否会导致与可用于身体活动的 ATP 之间的权衡。为此，我们用大肠杆菌脂多糖 (LPS) 或绵羊红细胞 (SRBC) 对鱼进行攻击，并测量攻击后 24 小时、48 小时和 7 天休息时和以最大速度游泳时的耗氧量，以估计代谢率。相对于注射盐水的对照，只有注射 LPS 的鱼在攻击后两天表现出显着更高的静息代谢率，并且在攻击后两天和 7 天显着更高的最大代谢率。这导致攻击后两天代谢范围显着扩大，LPS 鱼通过增加最大 ATP 产量短暂地过度补偿，超过在没有免疫攻击的情况下游泳所需的量。因此，受到 LPS 攻击的鱼增加了 ATP 的产生，以在生理上补偿免疫功能的能量需求。这种反应将避免 ATP 短缺，并允许鱼即使在同时发起免疫反应的情况下也能从事有氧挑战活动（游泳）。然而，相对于对照组，LPS 鱼和 SRBC 鱼在注射一周后体重增加均减少，并且 LPS 鱼实际上体重减轻。受到 LPS 挑战的鱼类的代谢范围随之增加，体重增加减少，这表明与免疫相关的权衡不太可能是由有限的氧化代谢能力决定的，而可能是由于资源获取、同化或有效利用方面的限制造成的。
Energy-based trade-offs occur when investment in one fitness-related trait diverts energy away from other traits. The extent to which such trade-offs are shaped by limits on the rate of conversion of energy ingested in food (e.g. carbohydrates) into chemical energy (ATP) by oxidative metabolism rather than by the amount of food ingested in the first place is, however, unclear. Here we tested whether the ATP required for mounting an immune response will lead to a trade-off with ATP available for physical activity in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). To this end, we challenged fish either with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli or with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC), and measured oxygen consumption at rest and during swimming at maximum speed 24h, 48h and 7 days post-challenge in order to estimate metabolic rates. Relative to saline-injected controls, only LPS-injected fish showed a significantly greater resting metabolic rate two days post-challenge and significantly higher maximal metabolic rates two and seven days post-challenge. This resulted in a significantly greater metabolic scope two days post-challenge, with LPS-fish transiently overcompensating by increasing maximal ATP production more than would be required for swimming in the absence of an immune challenge. LPS-challenged fish therefore increased their production of ATP to compensate physiologically for the energetic requirements of immune functioning. This response would avoid ATP shortages and allow fish to engage in an aerobically-challenging activity (swimming) even when simultaneously mounting an immune response. Nevertheless, relative to controls, both LPS- and SRBC-fish displayed reduced body mass gain one week post-injection, and LPS-fish actually lost mass. The concomitant increase in metabolic scope and reduced body mass gain of LPS-challenged fish indicates that immune-associated trade-offs are not likely to be shaped by limited oxidative metabolic capacities, but may instead result from limitations in the acquisition, assimilation or efficient use of resources.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GRONDEL, JL;NOUWS, JFM;VANMUISWINKEL, WB
通讯作者：
VANMUISWINKEL, WB
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Goetz, Frederick W.;Iliev, Dimitar B.;MacKenzie, Simon
通讯作者：
MacKenzie, Simon
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
CLUTTONBROCK, TH
通讯作者：
CLUTTONBROCK, TH
影响因子：
2
作者：
Einarsdóttir, IE;Nilssen, KJ;Iversen, M
通讯作者：
Iversen, M
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2007.2099
发表时间：
2007-11-29
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Claireaux, Guy;Lefrancois, Christel
通讯作者：
Lefrancois, Christel