Are there multiple ways to direct attention in working memory?
Are there multiple ways to direct attention in working memory?
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.13634
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Allen RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atkinson AL;Berry EDJ;Waterman AH;Baddeley AD;Hitch GJ;Allen RJ
在视觉工作记忆任务中，如果参与者被告知该项目比同一试验中呈现的其他项目相对更有价值，那么该项目的记忆就会增强。实验 1 探讨了这些探测值提升（在之前的文献中称为优先级效应）是否受到探测频率（即测试更有价值的项目的频率）的影响。参与者依次看到四种颜色的形状，并要求在延迟后回忆一个被探测项目的颜色。他们被告知第一个项目更有价值（差分探针值）或与其他项目一样有价值（相等探针值），并且该项目将被更频繁地测试（差分探针频率）或与其他项目一样频繁（相等探针频率）。在第一个位置观察到探测值和探测频率增加，尽管两者都伴随着其他项目的成本。探测值和探测频率的提升是相加的，表明这些操作产生独立的效果。实验 2 进一步支持了这一点，表明探测频率的提升并不依赖于执行资源，这与之前有关探测价值的发现形成了直接对比。总而言之，这些结果表明可能有多种方式可以在工作记忆中引导注意力。
In visual working memory tasks, memory for an item is enhanced if participants are told that the item is relatively more valuable than others presented within the same trial. Experiment 1 explored whether these probe value boosts (termed prioritization effects in previous literature) are affected by probe frequency (i.e., how often the more valuable item is tested). Participants were presented with four colored shapes sequentially and asked to recall the color of one probed item following a delay. They were informed that the first item was more valuable (differential probe value) or as valuable as the other items (equal probe value), and that this item would be tested more frequently (differential probe frequency) or as frequently (equal probe frequency) as the other items. Probe value and probe frequency boosts were observed at the first position, though both were accompanied by costs to other items. Probe value and probe frequency boosts were additive, suggesting the manipulations yield independent effects. Further supporting this, experiment 2 revealed that probe frequency boosts are not reliant on executive resources, directly contrasting with previous findings regarding probe value. Taken together, these outcomes suggest there may be several ways in which attention can be directed in working memory.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1104047108
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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