Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma: Current Understanding and Therapeutic Implications.
Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma: Current Understanding and Therapeutic Implications.
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DOI：
10.3389/fonc.2021.770561
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Parney IF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Himes BT;Geiger PA;Ayasoufi K;Bhargav AG;Brown DA;Parney IF
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是成人最常见的原发性脑肿瘤，其预后很差。近年来，由于新的治疗方法难以证明其益处，目前的手术切除、放疗和化疗方案在很大程度上保持不变。在开发新的治疗方法中需要克服的最具挑战性的障碍之一是在许多GBM患者中发现的深刻的免疫抑制。这限制了各种免疫治疗药物的使用，这些药物近年来已经彻底改变了许多癌症的治疗方法，但未能在GBM治疗中显示出类似的益处。了解肿瘤介导的GBM免疫抑制机制对于开发有效的新疗法至关重要，而逆转这种作用可能是GBM有效免疫治疗的关键。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对肿瘤介导的免疫抑制在局部肿瘤微环境和全身的认识。我们还讨论了目前GBM治疗对免疫系统的影响。我们特别探讨了肿瘤驱动免疫抑制的一些下游效应物，特别是髓源性抑制细胞（MDSCs）和其他免疫抑制单核细胞，以及GBM诱导它们形成的方式，特别关注GBM衍生的细胞外囊泡（ev）的作用。最后，我们简要回顾了GBM免疫治疗的现状，并讨论了确定和实施有效治疗策略需要克服的其他障碍。
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults an carries and carries a terrible prognosis. The current regiment of surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy has remained largely unchanged in recent years as new therapeutic approaches have struggled to demonstrate benefit. One of the most challenging hurdles to overcome in developing novel treatments is the profound immune suppression found in many GBM patients. This limits the utility of all manner of immunotherapeutic agents, which have revolutionized the treatment of a number of cancers in recent years, but have failed to show similar benefit in GBM therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor-mediated immune suppression in GBM is critical to the development of effective novel therapies, and reversal of this effect may prove key to effective immunotherapy for GBM. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of tumor-mediated immune suppression in GBM in both the local tumor microenvironment and systemically. We also discuss the effects of current GBM therapy on the immune system. We specifically explore some of the downstream effectors of tumor-driven immune suppression, particularly myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and other immunosuppressive monocytes, and the manner by which GBM induces their formation, with particular attention to the role of GBM-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). Lastly, we briefly review the current state of immunotherapy for GBM and discuss additional hurdles to overcome identification and implementation of effective therapeutic strategies.
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影响因子：
7.3
作者：
Fleming V;Hu X;Weber R;Nagibin V;Groth C;Altevogt P;Utikal J;Umansky V
通讯作者：
Umansky V
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Fossati, G;Ricevuti, G;Rossi, ML
通讯作者：
Rossi, ML
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Chai, ErQing;Zhang, Lan;Li, Changqing
通讯作者：
Li, Changqing
影响因子：
2
作者：
Cheng, Yu-Kai;Weng, Hsu-Huei;Chang, Chen-Nen
通讯作者：
Chang, Chen-Nen
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Fecci, PE;Mitchell, DA;Sampson, JH
通讯作者：
Sampson, JH