Whom do words hurt? Individual differences in susceptibility to verbal overshadowing
Whom do words hurt? Individual differences in susceptibility to verbal overshadowing
复制标题
言语伤害了谁？
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Schooler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Robert S. Ryan;J. Schooler
语言遮蔽现象，即描述非语言刺激（如面孔、口味或音乐）的记忆会干扰随后的识别表现，以前曾与参与者的感知专业知识超过其语言专业知识的情况有关（例如Melcher和Schooner，1996）。这些发现表明，个人在知觉和语言能力方面的差异应该可以预测哪些人容易受到语言化的影响。在这项研究中，参与者进行了六次标准的言语遮蔽程序试验（观看一张脸，口头回忆它或从事不相关的活动，然后进行强迫选择识别测试）。感知能力的评估使用域特定的措施（人脸识别能力）和非特定的措施（如嵌入的数字）。一般语言能力是根据高中或大学的GPA来确定的。正如所预测的那样，言语遮蔽（即相对于控制参与者的言语化表现较低）在具有高感知专业知识和低言语专业知识的参与者中最大。这种关系被观察到与特定领域和一般领域的感知专业知识的措施。这些发现表明，当个体的一般感知能力超过其言语能力时，个体可能特别容易受到言语遮蔽的影响。#1998 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd. Appl. Cognit.《心理学》12：S105-S125（1998年）
SUMMARY The phenomenon of verbal overshadowing, in which describing memory for nonverbal stimuli (e.g. faces, tastes, or music) interferes with subsequent recognition performance, has previously been associated with situations in which participants’ perceptual expertise exceeded their verbal expertise (e.g. Melcher and Schooler, 1996). Such findings suggest that individual diAerences in perceptual and verbal ability should predict who will be vulnerable to verbalization. In this study participants performed six trials of a standard verbal overshadowing procedure (viewing a face, verbally recalling it or engaging in an unrelated activity, followed by taking a forced choice recognition test). Perceptual ability was assessed using both a domain specific measure (face recognition ability) and non-specific measures (e.g. embedded figures). General verbal ability was determined on the basis of high school or college GPA. As predicted, verbal overshadowing (i.e. lower performance for verbalization relative to control participants) was greatest among participants with high perceptual expertise and low verbal expertise. This relationship was observed with both the domain-specific and domain-general measures of perceptual expertise. These findings suggest that individuals may be especially vulnerable to verbal overshadowing when their general perceptual abilities exceed their verbal abilities. #1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Appl. Cognit. Psychol. 12: S105‐S125 (1998)
感知专业知识的言语脆弱性。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.21.6.1608
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fallshore,M;Schooler,JW
通讯作者：
Schooler,JW
言语掩盖效应：处理过程普遍转变的证据。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1997
期刊：
The American journal of psychology.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Westerman,DL;Larsen,JD
通讯作者：
Larsen,JD
思考太多：内省会降低偏好和决策的质量。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Wilson,TD;Schooler,JW
通讯作者：
Schooler,JW