Air pollution exposure disparities across US population and income groups.
Air pollution exposure disparities across US population and income groups.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-04190-y
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Dominici, Francesca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jbaily, Abdulrahman;Zhou, Xiaodan;Liu, Jie;Lee, Ting-Hwan;Kamareddine, Leila;Verguet, Stephane;Dominici, Francesca
空气污染加重了全球疾病负担，在环境中接触直径小于2.5微米的细颗粒物（）被确定为全球第五大死亡风险因素。在美国，种族/少数民族和低收入群体因暴露于...众所周知，人口和收入群体之间在空气污染暴露方面存在差异。我们开发了一个数据平台，将人口统计数据（来自美国人口普查局和美国社区调查）和美国各地的数据联系起来。我们分析了2000年至2016年间美国邮政编码列表区域（N = 32000）的数据。我们发现，高于平均水平的白色和美洲原住民人口的地区一直暴露于平均水平低于高于平均水平的黑人，亚洲和西班牙裔或拉丁裔人口的地区。2004-2016年，低收入群体所在地区的平均水平一直高于高收入群体所在地区。此外，随着时间的推移，与美国环境保护署和世界卫生组织制定的安全标准相比，暴露量的差距一直在增加。这表明，有必要进行更有针对性的减排，以便为所有人提供同等程度的保护，使其免受环境危害。我们的研究是观察性的，无法深入了解已确定差异的驱动因素。
Air pollution contributes to the global burden of disease, with ambient exposure to fine particulate matter with diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometres () identified as the fifth-ranking risk factor of mortality globally. Racial/ethnic minorities and lower income groups in the USA are at a higher risk of death from exposure to . Disparities in air pollution exposure among population and income groups are known to exist. We develop a data platform that links demographic data (from US Census bureau and American Community Survey) and data across the USA. We analyse the data at the US zip code tabulation area level (N≈32000) between 2000 and 2016. We show that areas with higher than average white and Native American populations have been consistently exposed to average levels lower than areas with higher than average Black, Asian and Hispanic or Latino populations. Areas with low-income groups have been consistently exposed to higher average levels than areas with high-income groups for the years 2004–2016. Further, disparities in exposure relative to safety standards set by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization have been increasing over time. This suggests that more targeted reductions are necessary to provide all people with similar degree of protection from environmental hazards. Our study is observational and cannot provide insight into the drivers of the identified disparities.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30505-6
发表时间：
2017-05-13
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cohen AJ;Brauer M;Burnett R;Anderson HR;Frostad J;Estep K;Balakrishnan K;Brunekreef B;Dandona L;Dandona R;Feigin V;Freedman G;Hubbell B;Jobling A;Kan H;Knibbs L;Liu Y;Martin R;Morawska L;Pope CA 3rd;Shin H;Straif K;Shaddick G;Thomas M;van Dingenen R;van Donkelaar A;Vos T;Murray CJL;Forouzanfar MH
通讯作者：
Forouzanfar MH
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bell ML;Ebisu K
通讯作者：
Ebisu K
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Di Q;Kloog I;Koutrakis P;Lyapustin A;Wang Y;Schwartz J
通讯作者：
Schwartz J
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Lambert, PJ;Millimet, DL;Slottje, D
通讯作者：
Slottje, D
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Dominici, F;Peng, RD;Samet, JM
通讯作者：
Samet, JM