The neural signature of the decision value of future pain.
The neural signature of the decision value of future pain.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2119931119
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发表时间：
2022-06-07
影响因子：
11.1
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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为了达到目标，我们常常心甘情愿地经历痛苦。然而，潜在的疼痛也可以防止鲁莽的行动。在决定最好的行动方案时，我们如何考虑未来的痛苦？到目前为止，评估未来疼痛的确切神经机制仍不清楚。使用功能磁共振成像，我们得出了未来疼痛价值的全脑签名，能够预测参与者接受疼痛以换取回报的选择。我们发现，这种信号的特征是活动的分布模式与编码奖赏和突出的结构，特别是腹侧和背侧纹状体的结构有明显的贡献。这些发现突显了大脑在选择最佳行动方案时是如何为未来的疼痛分配价值的。疼痛是行动的主要驱动力。我们常常必须自愿接受痛苦以获得回报。相反，我们有时可能会为了避免相关的痛苦而放弃潜在的回报。在这项研究中，我们调查了大脑如何代表未来疼痛的决策价值。参与者(n=57)完成了一项经济决策任务，他们选择接受或拒绝不同程度的痛苦和金钱视觉呈现的提议。功能磁共振成像(FMRI)被用来测量整个决策过程中的大脑活动。使用多变量模式分析，我们确定了一个分布式神经表示，预测每个决定中潜在未来疼痛的强度以及参与者接受或避免疼痛的决定。这种对未来疼痛决策价值的神经表征包括位于与奖励评估相关的区域的负权重和位于与显著、负面情绪、执行控制和目标定向行动相关的区域的正权重。我们进一步将这种表征与未来的金钱奖励、身体疼痛和厌恶图片进行了比较，发现未来疼痛的表征与厌恶图片的表征重叠，但与经历过的疼痛截然不同。总之，这项研究的发现为未来疼痛的评估过程提供了见解，并对我们理解以难以平衡潜在威胁和回报为特征的疾病具有广泛的潜在影响。
We often willingly experience pain to reach a goal. However, potential pain can also prevent reckless action. How do we consider future pain when deciding on the best course of action? To date, the precise neural mechanisms underlying the valuation of future pain remain unknown. Using functional MRI, we derive a whole-brain signature of the value of future pain capable of predicting participants’ choices to accept pain in exchange for a reward. We show that this signature is characterized by a distributed pattern of activity with clear contributions from structures encoding reward and salience, notably the ventral and dorsal striatum. These findings highlight how the brain assigns value to future pain when choosing the best course of action. Pain is a primary driver of action. We often must voluntarily accept pain to gain rewards. Conversely, we may sometimes forego potential rewards to avoid associated pain. In this study, we investigated how the brain represents the decision value of future pain. Participants (n = 57) performed an economic decision task, choosing to accept or reject offers combining various amounts of pain and money presented visually. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity throughout the decision-making process. Using multivariate pattern analyses, we identified a distributed neural representation predicting the intensity of the potential future pain in each decision and participants’ decisions to accept or avoid pain. This neural representation of the decision value of future pain included negative weights located in areas related to the valuation of rewards and positive weights in regions associated with saliency, negative affect, executive control, and goal-directed action. We further compared this representation to future monetary rewards, physical pain, and aversive pictures and found that the representation of future pain overlaps with that of aversive pictures but is distinct from experienced pain. Altogether, the findings of this study provide insights on the valuation processes of future pain and have broad potential implications for our understanding of disorders characterized by difficulties in balancing potential threats and rewards.
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