Lack of global meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, and paucity of tissue-specific gene expression on the Drosophila X chromosome.
Lack of global meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, and paucity of tissue-specific gene expression on the Drosophila X chromosome.
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DOI：
10.1186/1741-7007-9-29
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发表时间：
2011-05-04
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Nurminsky DI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mikhaylova LM;Nurminsky DI
果蝇X染色体上雄性偏向基因的缺乏是一种公认的现象，被认为与这些基因在生殖中的作用和/或它们在减数分裂雄性生殖系中的表达有关。特别是，减数分裂性染色体失活（MSCI）已被广泛认为是背后的驱动力耗尽精母细胞偏性X连锁基因在果蝇的类比哺乳动物，即使全球MCSI在果蝇的存在尚未得到证实。基于微阵列的研究和qRT-PCR分析表明，在睾丸发育过程中的基因表达的动态之间的X连锁和常染色体基因是非常相似的，都显示伴随着减数分裂的转录激活。然而，显示至少10倍表达偏向睾丸的基因在X染色体上的代表性明显不足。有趣的是，对睾丸以外的组织具有类似表达偏好的基因，即使是那些与生殖没有明显联系的基因，在X染色体上的表达也严重不足。生物信息学分析表明，虽然组织特异性基因通常结合胚胎和培养细胞中的沉默相关因子，但X连锁基因的这种趋势不太突出。我们的数据表明，在果蝇中不发生X染色体的整体减数分裂失活。X染色体上睾丸偏好基因的缺乏似乎与生殖或种系特异性事件无关，而是反映了该染色体上组织偏好基因的普遍代表性不足。我们的分析表明，激活/抑制开关机制，可能精心安排的组织特异性基因的高度偏见的表达通常是不有效的X染色体上。这种效应可能是由于剂量补偿抵消了X连锁基因的抑制作用，可能是导致高度组织偏向性基因大量迁移到常染色体的原因。
Paucity of male-biased genes on the Drosophila X chromosome is a well-established phenomenon, thought to be specifically linked to the role of these genes in reproduction and/or their expression in the meiotic male germline. In particular, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) has been widely considered a driving force behind depletion of spermatocyte-biased X-linked genes in Drosophila by analogy with mammals, even though the existence of global MCSI in Drosophila has not been proven. Microarray-based study and qRT-PCR analyses show that the dynamics of gene expression during testis development are very similar between X-linked and autosomal genes, with both showing transcriptional activation concomitant with meiosis. However, the genes showing at least ten-fold expression bias toward testis are significantly underrepresented on the X chromosome. Intriguingly, the genes with similar expression bias toward tissues other than testis, even those not apparently associated with reproduction, are also strongly underrepresented on the X. Bioinformatics analysis shows that while tissue-specific genes often bind silencing-associated factors in embryonic and cultured cells, this trend is less prominent for the X-linked genes. Our data show that the global meiotic inactivation of the X chromosome does not occur in Drosophila. Paucity of testis-biased genes on the X appears not to be linked to reproduction or germline-specific events, but rather reflects a general underrepresentation of tissue-biased genes on this chromosome. Our analyses suggest that the activation/repression switch mechanisms that probably orchestrate the highly-biased expression of tissue-specific genes are generally not efficient on the X chromosome. This effect, probably caused by dosage compensation counteracting repression of the X-linked genes, may be the cause of the exodus of highly tissue-biased genes to the autosomes.
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