What makes dialogues easy to understand?

What makes dialogues easy to understand?
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是什么让对话变得容易理解?

DOI:
10.1080/01690965.2010.524765
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
Language and Cognitive Processes
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Branigan H
Branigan H
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Branigan H

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两个实验研究了为什么对话比独白更容易让人理解的问题。一种可能性是,对话的旁观者可以接触到对话者提供的不同视角,而独白的旁观者只能接触到说话者的视角(Fox Tree,1999)。导演们首先用独白或对话的方式向比赛者描述了一组几何形状八次。实验1发现,从对话中采取的描述更容易理解的描述比从独白或描述采取的对话中,匹配者的贡献被切除。这种优势出现在早期试验中(当匹配者做出相当大的贡献时),但也出现在后期试验中(当匹配者简单地接受描述时)。实验2重复了这一发现,并排除了一个解释,其中的对话的优势是由于其使用话语标记。我们认为,对话的容易发生,因为对话者谈判的角度,他们可以同意(克拉克,1996年)。这种有根据的观点可能比没有根据的观点更容易理解。
Two experiments investigate the question of why dialogues tend to be easier for anyone to understand than monologues. One possibility is that overhearers of dialogue have access to the different perspectives provided by the interlocutors, whereas overhearers of monologue have access to the speaker's perspective alone (Fox Tree, 1999). Directors first described a set of geometric shapes to matchers in monologue or dialogue eight times. Experiment 1 found that descriptions taken from dialogue were easier to understand than descriptions taken from monologue or descriptions taken from dialogue in which the matcher's contributions were excised. This advantage occurred on early trials (when the matcher made a considerable contribution) but also on late trials (when the matcher simply accepted a description). Experiment 2 replicated this finding and ruled out an explanation in which the advantage of dialogue is due to its use of discourse markers. We argue that the ease of dialogue occurs because interlocutors negotiate a perspective that they can agree on (Clark, 1996). This grounded perspective is likely to be objectively easier to understand than a perspective that has not been grounded.
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