Surface morphology of amorphous germanium thin films following thermal outgassing of SiO 2 /Si substrates

Surface morphology of amorphous germanium thin films following thermal outgassing of SiO 2 /Si substrates
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SiO 2 /Si 衬底热脱气后非晶锗薄膜的表面形貌

DOI:
10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.073
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Valladares L
Valladares L
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Valladares L

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在这项工作中,我们报道了非晶态锗(a-Ge)薄膜(140 nm厚)在SiO_2/Si衬底上热放气后的表面形貌。在400℃到900℃的不同温度下,样品在空气中进行了热放气处理,400℃慢(2℃/min)和快(10℃/min)模式下的退火促进了表面气泡的形成。用透射电子显微镜对400℃缓慢退火的样品进行横截面观察,发现了嵌入在薄膜中的气体物种的痕迹,使我们能够提出一种可能的气泡形成机制。计算出该样品的内压为30兆帕,气体分子数为38兆帕斯卡。在22×10−3 cm~2的面积上,慢退火得到的气泡密度(9×10~3 cm−~2)比快速退火(6.4×10~4 cm−~2)要小,说明这两种情况下释放出的气体只占衬底中总气体的一小部分。在慢模式下提高热处理温度后,不同直径(从几十纳米到几十微米)的气泡随机分布在Ge薄膜上,它们随着温度的升高而生长。在400-600℃的温度范围内,薄膜中气体的垂直扩散占主导地位,而在700℃的温度下,由于横向扩散引起的气泡的合并被检测到。在800℃下,气泡在800℃下退火后爆炸,在更高的温度下,例如900℃的退火,导致薄膜的表面迁移到爆炸的气泡上,最终形成多晶GeO2岛。
In this work we report the surface morphology of amorphous germanium (a-Ge) thin films (140 nm thickness) following thermal outgassing of SiO2/Si substrates. The thermal outgassing was performed by annealing the samples in air at different temperatures from 400 to 900 °C. Annealing at 400 °C in slow (2 °C/min) and fast (10 °C/min) modes promotes the formation of bubbles on the surface. A cross sectional view by transmission electron microscope taken of the sample slow annealed at 400 °C reveals traces of gas species embedded in thea-Ge film, allowing us to propose a possible mechanism for the formation of the bubbles. The calculated internal pressure and number of gas molecules for this sample are 30 MPa and 38 × 108, respectively. Over an area of 22 × 10−3cm2the density of bubbles obtained at slow annealing (9 × 103cm−2) is smaller than that at rapid annealing (6.4 × 104cm−2), indicating that the amount of liberated gas in both cases is only a fraction of the total gas contained in the substrate. After increasing the annealing temperature in the slow mode, bubbles of different diameters (from tens of nanometers up to tens of micrometers) randomly distribute over the Ge film and they grow with temperature. Vertical diffusion of the outgas species through the film dominates the annealing temperature interval 400–600 °C, whereas coalescence of bubbles caused by lateral diffusion is detected after annealing at 700 °C. The bubbles explode after annealing the samples at 800 °C. Annealing at higher temperatures, such as 900 °C, leads to surface migration of the film to the exploded bubbles and eventually forming islands of polycrystalline GeO2.
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