Rapid molecular evolution of Spiroplasma symbionts of Drosophila.

Rapid molecular evolution of Spiroplasma symbionts of Drosophila.
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果蝇螺原体共生体的快速分子进化。

DOI:
10.1099/mgen.0.000503
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Hurst GDD
Hurst GDD
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gerth M;Martinez-Montoya H;Ramirez P;Masson F;Griffin JS;Aramayo R;Siozios S;Lemaitre B;Mateos M;Hurst GDD

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螺原体是柔膜菌属的一个属,其成员包括植物病原体、昆虫病原体和动物的内共生体。 螺原体表型已被反复观察到自发丢失果蝇文化,和一些研究已经记录了高的基因组周转螺原体共生体和植物病原体。这些观察结果表明,螺原体与其他昆虫共生体相比进化迅速。在这里,我们系统地评估了果蝇的天然共生体--鲍尔森螺旋体的进化速率和模式。我们分析了果蝇中sHy的基因组进化,以及几年来体外培养中的sMel。我们观察到S. Poulsonii的替代率是所有细菌中报道的最高的,并且与其它遗传的节肢动物内共生体相比高大约两个数量级。错配修复位点mutS和mutL的缺失在螺原体中是保守的,并且可能有助于升高的置换率。此外,密切相关的菌株sMel和sHy(在共享基因座中> 99.5%的序列同一性)显示出广泛的结构基因组差异,这潜在地表明sHy(果蝇的保护性共生体)具有更高程度的宿主适应性。 最后,不同的螺原体谱系之间的比较证实了以前的报告动态演变的毒素,并确定了类似的位点,男性杀死毒素Spayed在几个螺原体谱系和其他内共生体。总体而言,我们的研究结果突出了螺原体基因组进化的特殊性,这可能解释其进化生态学的不寻常特征。
Spiroplasma is a genus of Mollicutes whose members include plant pathogens, insect pathogens and endosymbionts of animals. Spiroplasma phenotypes have been repeatedly observed to be spontaneously lost in Drosophila cultures, and several studies have documented a high genomic turnover in Spiroplasma symbionts and plant pathogens. These observations suggest that Spiroplasma evolves quickly in comparison to other insect symbionts. Here, we systematically assess evolutionary rates and patterns of Spiroplasma poulsonii , a natural symbiont of Drosophila. We analysed genomic evolution of sHy within flies, and sMel within in vitro culture over several years. We observed that S. poulsonii substitution rates are among the highest reported for any bacteria, and around two orders of magnitude higher compared with other inherited arthropod endosymbionts. The absence of mismatch repair loci mutS and mutL is conserved across Spiroplasma , and likely contributes to elevated substitution rates. Further, the closely related strains sMel and sHy (>99.5 % sequence identity in shared loci) show extensive structural genomic differences, which potentially indicates a higher degree of host adaptation in sHy, a protective symbiont of Drosophila hydei. Finally, comparison across diverse Spiroplasma lineages confirms previous reports of dynamic evolution of toxins, and identifies loci similar to the male-killing toxin Spaid in several Spiroplasma lineages and other endosymbionts. Overall, our results highlight the peculiar nature of Spiroplasma genome evolution, which may explain unusual features of its evolutionary ecology.
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