Areas of Convergence and Divergence in Adolescent Social Isolation and Binge Drinking: A Review.
Areas of Convergence and Divergence in Adolescent Social Isolation and Binge Drinking: A Review.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2022.859239
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wolstenholme, Jennifer T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lodha, Jyoti;Brocato, Emily;Wolstenholme, Jennifer T.
关键词：
青春期是一个关键的发育期，其特征是社会互动增强，额叶皮质不断发育，整个大脑的突触连接成熟。青少年比任何其他年龄段的人花更多的时间与同龄人互动，表现出高度的奖励敏感度、冲动和抑制自控力减弱，这有助于增加危险行为，包括开始和发展饮酒。与成年人相比，青少年不太容易受到酒精的负面影响，但更容易受到压力的负面影响，特别是社会压力。青少年暴露于社会隔离或酗酒会破坏突触连接、树突棘形态和额叶皮质的髓鞘重塑。这些结构性影响可能是晚年出现的行为和认知缺陷的基础，包括社交和记忆缺陷、焦虑样行为增加以及酒精使用障碍(AUD)的风险。尽管酒精和社会压力领域正在积极研究这些影响发生的机制，但我们在理解上存在重大差距，特别是在这两个领域的交叉点上。这篇综述将突出青少年社会压力和酒精暴露领域的趋同和分歧。我们将关注酒精暴露或社会隔离压力如何影响额叶皮质的发育，并导致成年后持久的行为变化。我们呼吁注意更多机械性研究的必要性，并在这些分子、结构和行为反应中纳入对性别差异的评估。
Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by enhanced social interactions, ongoing development of the frontal cortex and maturation of synaptic connections throughout the brain. Adolescents spend more time interacting with peers than any other age group and display heightened reward sensitivity, impulsivity and diminished inhibitory self-control, which contribute to increased risky behaviors, including the initiation and progression of alcohol use. Compared to adults, adolescents are less susceptible to the negative effects of ethanol, but are more susceptible to the negative effects of stress, particularly social stress. Juvenile exposure to social isolation or binge ethanol disrupts synaptic connections, dendritic spine morphology, and myelin remodeling in the frontal cortex. These structural effects may underlie the behavioral and cognitive deficits seen later in life, including social and memory deficits, increased anxiety-like behavior and risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD). Although the alcohol and social stress fields are actively investigating the mechanisms through which these effects occur, significant gaps in our understanding exist, particularly in the intersection of the two fields. This review will highlight the areas of convergence and divergence in the fields of adolescent social stress and ethanol exposure. We will focus on how ethanol exposure or social isolation stress can impact the development of the frontal cortex and lead to lasting behavioral changes in adulthood. We call attention to the need for more mechanistic studies and the inclusion of the evaluation of sex differences in these molecular, structural, and behavioral responses.
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影响因子：
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