Plasticity regulators modulate specific root traits in discrete nitrogen environments.
Plasticity regulators modulate specific root traits in discrete nitrogen environments.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003760
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Birnbaum KD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gifford ML;Banta JA;Katari MS;Hulsmans J;Chen L;Ristova D;Tranchina D;Purugganan MD;Coruzzi GM;Birnbaum KD
植物的发育具有明显的可塑性，但植物如何精确地根据特定的环境定制其形态呢？当植物调整其发育以适应不同的环境时，相关性状可以以协调的方式变化，使得两个性状在许多基因型中共同变化。或者，性状可以独立地变化，使得一个性状的变化对第二性状的变化几乎没有预测价值。为了表征这种“可调性”的发育可塑性，我们进行了详细的表型表征复杂的根性状之间的96个加入的模式拟南芥在两个氮环境。结果显示，在控制性状对环境的影响方面，独立性达到了令人惊讶的水平--这是一种高度可调的可塑性形式。我们使用全基因组关联研究绘制了可塑性的遗传结构，并进一步使用基因表达分析来缩小映射区域中的候选基因。关联和表达分析所涉及的基因中的突变体在预测的环境中的预测性状中显示出精确的缺陷，证实了可塑性性状的独立控制。总体结果表明，植物中存在一个遗传变异库，可以控制特定环境中的性状，并有机会调整作物植物以适应特定环境。植物为了科普新的环境条件，可以戏剧性地改变它们的发育。这种可塑性在根系中特别明显，因为它在一种条件下采用特定的结构，但在不同条件下可以通过改变侧根分支的程度来改变结构。为了探讨根可塑性的程度，关键营养氮，我们分析了自然人口的模式植物拟南芥在氮限制和富氮环境。这表明，根构型可塑性似乎是许多独立调制的单个根对环境的反应的综合效应。每个方面，如侧根长度，数量或密度似乎是单独打开或关闭，使整个系统的灵活性。然后，我们通过探索自然群体的遗传变异，结合分析哪些基因对氮有反应，确定了控制这些个体组分反应的特定基因。这些结果有助于我们深入了解环境如何塑造植物发育。这些知识可以用来更好地了解我们现有作物物种的生长如何随着气候的变化而变化，并确定新的作物品种，这些品种将对这种变化保持稳健。
Plant development is remarkably plastic but how precisely can the plant customize its form to specific environments? When the plant adjusts its development to different environments, related traits can change in a coordinated fashion, such that two traits co-vary across many genotypes. Alternatively, traits can vary independently, such that a change in one trait has little predictive value for the change in a second trait. To characterize such “tunability” in developmental plasticity, we carried out a detailed phenotypic characterization of complex root traits among 96 accessions of the model Arabidopsis thaliana in two nitrogen environments. The results revealed a surprising level of independence in the control of traits to environment – a highly tunable form of plasticity. We mapped genetic architecture of plasticity using genome-wide association studies and further used gene expression analysis to narrow down gene candidates in mapped regions. Mutants in genes implicated by association and expression analysis showed precise defects in the predicted traits in the predicted environment, corroborating the independent control of plasticity traits. The overall results suggest that there is a pool of genetic variability in plants that controls traits in specific environments, with opportunity to tune crop plants to a given environment. Plants can dramatically alter their development in order to cope with new environmental conditions. Such plasticity is especially evident in the root system since it adopts a particular architecture under one condition, but can change architecture by altering the extent of lateral root branching in a different condition. To explore the extent of root plasticity to the critical nutrient nitrogen we analyzed a natural population of the model plant Arabidopsis in both nitrogen-limiting and nitrogen-rich environments. This revealed that root architecture plasticity appears to be the combined effect of many individual root responses to the environment that are independently modulated. Each aspect, such as lateral root length, number, or density seems to be turned on or off separately, giving the whole system flexibility. We then identified specific genes that control these individual component responses by exploring the genetic variation across the natural population in combination with analyzing which genes respond to nitrogen. Together the results help us gain insights into how the environment shapes plant development. This knowledge can be used to better understand how the growth of our existing crop species might change as the climate varies, and identify new crop varieties that will be robust to such variation.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
McCall MN;Murakami PN;Lukk M;Huber W;Irizarry RA
通讯作者：
Irizarry RA
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BERG, RL
通讯作者：
BERG, RL
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Katari, Manpreet S.;Nowicki, Steve D.;Gutierrez, Rodrigo A.
通讯作者：
Gutierrez, Rodrigo A.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Chaves, MM;Pereira, JS;Pinheiro, C
通讯作者：
Pinheiro, C
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Raya-Gonzalez, Javier;Pelagio-Flores, Ramon;Lopez-Bucio, Jose
通讯作者：
Lopez-Bucio, Jose