Identification of candidate infection genes from the model entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.
Identification of candidate infection genes from the model entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12864-016-3468-6
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发表时间：
2017-01-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Hawdon JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vadnal J;Ratnappan R;Keaney M;Kenney E;Eleftherianos I;O'Halloran D;Hawdon JM
尽管在先天免疫领域取得了重要进展，但我们对寄生线虫感染的宿主免疫反应的理解落后于对微生物的反应。一个限制因素是脊椎动物宿主的专性要求，这阻碍了寄生线虫感染过程的研究。线虫寄生虫异小杆线虫提供了巨大的潜力，作为一个模型，从遗传学角度剖析感染的过程。发光光杆菌（Photorhabdus luminescens）是一种共生细菌，H.细菌菌侵入多种昆虫，杀死昆虫并将其作为几代线虫发育的食物来源。培养H.在培养细菌共生体的平板上培养细菌菌群使其成为非常令人兴奋的寄生虫感染模型，其可用于解开在宿主感染期间发生的分子事件，所述分子事件是使用脊椎动物宿主不可接近的。为了分析感染性线虫在感染早期的转录反应，我们对H.在烟草天蛾血淋巴血浆中孵育9小时。使用qRT-PCR验证上调和下调基因的子集。转录组与未处理对照的比较分析发现了许多差异表达的基因（DEG），涵盖了许多不同的功能类别。DEG的一个子集是保守的进化枝V寄生线虫揭示了一系列的候选寄生基因。我们的分析揭示了大量基因调控中的转录变化，其中大多数以前没有被证明在感染过程中发挥作用。这些基因中有很大一部分是寄生线虫所特有的，这表明线虫体内存在一组寄生因子。未来的研究，使用这些候选人可能会提供功能的线虫寄生的过程中，也寄生在线虫的分子进化的见解。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12864-016-3468-6）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Despite important progress in the field of innate immunity, our understanding of host immune responses to parasitic nematode infections lags behind that of responses to microbes. A limiting factor has been the obligate requirement for a vertebrate host which has hindered investigation of the parasitic nematode infective process. The nematode parasite Heterorhabditis bacteriophora offers great potential as a model to genetically dissect the process of infection. With its mutualistic Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria, H. bacteriophora invades multiple species of insects, which it kills and exploits as a food source for the development of several nematode generations. The ability to culture the life cycle of H. bacteriophora on plates growing the bacterial symbiont makes it a very exciting model of parasitic infection that can be used to unlock the molecular events occurring during infection of a host that are inaccessible using vertebrate hosts. To profile the transcriptional response of an infective nematode during the early stage of infection, we performed next generation RNA sequencing on H. bacteriophora IJs incubated in Manduca sexta hemolymph plasma for 9 h. A subset of up-regulated and down-regulated genes were validated using qRT-PCR. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome with untreated controls found a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which cover a number of different functional categories. A subset of DEGs is conserved across Clade V parasitic nematodes revealing an array of candidate parasitic genes. Our analysis reveals transcriptional changes in the regulation of a large number of genes, most of which have not been shown previously to play a role in the process of infection. A significant proportion of these genes are unique to parasitic nematodes, suggesting the identification of a group of parasitism factors within nematodes. Future studies using these candidates may provide functional insight into the process of nematode parasitism and also the molecular evolution of parasitism within nematodes. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3468-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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