Analysis of Street-Crossing Behavior: Comparing a CAVE Simulator and a Head-Mounted Display among Younger and Older Adults.
Analysis of Street-Crossing Behavior: Comparing a CAVE Simulator and a Head-Mounted Display among Younger and Older Adults.
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过街行为分析：比较年轻人和老年人的 CAVE 模拟器和头戴式显示器
DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2021.106004
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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交互式行人模拟器已成为调查行人过马路行为和制定改善行人安全解决方案的重要研究工具。有两种主要的行人模拟器：一种使用基于后投影屏幕的技术（洞穴自动虚拟环境，或Cave），另一种使用头戴式显示器（HMD）。无论研究目的如何，这些设备都是不加区分地使用的，而且目前还不知道它们是否同样有效地研究过马路。本研究旨在比较年轻和老年行人在使用类似cave或基于hmd （HTC Vive Pro）行人模拟器时的过马路行为和主观评价。30名年轻人和25名老年人分别在两种类型的模拟器上进行了36次过马路试验（结合不同的速度、双向交通状况和间隙大小）。结果表明，HMD组参与者过马路的频率（58.6%）明显高于CAVE组（42.44%），且安全边际较短。最显著的差异是杂交起始，HMD条件比CAVE条件发生的时间早（1.78 s）。由于缺乏地面投影，行人前方的视觉信息丢失，因此在CAVE条件下，行人与迎面而来的车辆启动的同步性不太好。在这两个模拟器中，老年人比年轻人造成的碰撞更多，安全边际更短，过马路的速度更慢。因此，HMD重现了在CAVE中发现的大多数过马路行为中与年龄相关的经典差异。通常观察到的速度效应也发现了两个模拟器。两种模拟器均未发现晕机，也未发现任何对立体敏度或姿势平衡的不利影响。HMD比CAVE产生了更高水平的存在感和偏好。这些发现提供了证据，表明hmd在研究行人行为方面具有明显的潜力。
Interactive pedestrian simulators have become a valuable research tool for investigating street-crossing behavior and developing solutions for improving pedestrian safety. There are two main kinds of pedestrian simulators: one uses a technology based on rear-projection screens (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment, or CAVE), the other a head-mounted display (HMD). These devices are used indiscriminately, regardless of the research objective, and it is not yet known whether they are equally effective for studying street crossing. The present study was aimed at comparing the street crossing behavior and subjective evaluations of younger and older adult pedestrians when they are using a CAVE-like or HMD-based (HTC Vive Pro) pedestrian simulator. Thirty younger adults and 25 older adults performed 36 street-crossing trials (combining different speeds, two-way traffic conditions, and gap sizes) on each of the two types of simulators. The results indicated that participants in the HMD condition crossed the street significantly more often (58.6 %) than in the CAVE condition (42.44%) and had shorter safety margins. The most striking difference pertained to crossing initiation, which occurred considerably earlier (1.78 s) in the HMD condition than in the CAVE condition. Synchronization of crossing initiation with oncoming traffic was not as good in the CAVE condition because visual information in front of the pedestrian was missing due to the absence of ground projection. In both simulators, older adults caused more collisions than did younger ones, had shorter safety margins, and a slower crossing speed. Hence, the HMD reproduced classical age-related differences in most street-crossing behaviors already found on the CAVE. Usually observed speed effects were also found for both simulators. Neither cybersickness nor any adverse effects on stereoacuity or postural balance were found for either simulator. The HMD produced a higher level of presence and preference than the CAVE did. These findings provide evidence that HMDs have a clear potential for studying pedestrian behaviour.
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