The Impact of Vision and Hearing Impairments on Health in Old Age
The Impact of Vision and Hearing Impairments on Health in Old Age
复制标题
视力和听力障碍对老年健康的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
J. Guralnik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Guralnik
这里有许多令人心酸的例子，说明当人们步入老年时，T视觉和听力障碍是如何剥夺他们生活的乐趣的。那些身体有缺陷但从阅读中获得极大乐趣的人可能会因为年龄相关的黄斑变性而失去这种乐趣。当听力严重受损时，与朋友、配偶、子女和孙子孙女之间的社交互动的乐趣会大大减少。与视力和听力损伤有关的生活质量下降足以证明积极寻求更好的预防和治疗是合理的。此外，包括鲁本及其同事在本期《华尔街日报》上发表的报告在内，越来越多的证据表明，视力和听力障碍对健康结果的影响比之前怀疑的更广泛。视力和听力方面的问题即使在那些成功变老的人中也很常见。许多研究证明，这些损害随着年龄的增长而迅速上升，在非常年老的时候，损害的比率很高。例如，在威斯康星州海狸水坝进行的一项大型人群流行病学研究中，视力损害的患病率从43岁至54岁人群的0.8%上升至75岁至86.2岁人群的21%。海狸水坝研究还评估了听力障碍的患病率，发现随着年龄的增长，听力障碍的发病率急剧上升。听力障碍，定义为阈值在500、1000、2000和4000赫兹的纯音平均值，大于25分贝，在70岁至79岁的男性中存在83%，在80岁至92岁的男性中存在97%，在70岁至79岁的女性中存在55%，在80岁至92.4岁的女性中存在86%。先前的几项研究使用横断面设计和前瞻性设计证明，视力和听力的损害对功能能力有不利影响。鲁本等人的报告]。通过采用一项队列研究，将自我报告和客观测量的感觉障碍与长期随访相结合，增加了对这一文献的重要贡献。这一结果可能是对这些相关性的保守估计，因为随访期很长(大约10年)，并且没有关于那些被归类为在基线时未受损的患者损害水平变化的信息。此外，最初受损的参与者的死亡率增加可能会导致低估他们的残疾风险。自我报告和测量视力对多种残疾结果的一致结果为这些发现提供了令人信服的理由。听力障碍的结果则不太一致。测量和自我报告听力IMV I
here are many poignant examples of how impairments in T vision and hearing rob people of pleasure in life when they reach advanced old age. Persons who may be physically limited but who get a great deal of enjoyment from reading can lose this pleasure as a result of age-related macular degeneration. The enjoyment of social interactions with friends, spouse, children, and grandchildren is greatly diminished when hearing becomes severely impaired. The decline in quality of life related to vision and hearing impairments is reason enough to justify the vigorous search for better prevention and treatment. Additionally, there is increasing evidence, including the report by Reuben and colleagues in this issue of the Journal,' that vision and hearing impairments have a broader impact on health outcomes than was previously suspected. Problems with vision and hearing are common even in those who have otherwise aged successfully. Numerous studies have documented the rapid rise in these impairments with age, with high rates of impairment at very old age. For example, in a large, population-based epidemiologic study in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, the prevalence of vision impairment, defined as acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better cye, increased from 0.8% in persons aged 43 to 54 years to 21% in persons aged 75 to 86.2 The Blue Mountains Eye Study in Australia included very old persons and found the rate of visual impairment, defined in the same way, to be 42% in persons aged 85 to 97.3 The Beaver Dam Study also assessed the prevalence of hearing impairment and found a steep increase with age. Hearing impairment, defined as a pure-tone average of thresholds at 500,1000,2000, and 4000 Hz of greater than 25dB, was present in 83% of men aged 70 to 79,97% of men aged 80 to 92,55% of women aged 70 to 79, and 86% of women aged 80 to 92.4 Several previous studies, using both cross-sectional and prospective designs, have demonstrated that impairments in vision and, to a lesser extent, hearing, have an adverse impact on functional abilities. The report by Reuben et a]. adds an important contribution to this literature by employing a cohort study that combines both self-reported and objectively measured sensory impairments with a long follow-up. The results are probably conservative estimates of the associations because the follow-up period was long (about 10 years), and there is no information available on change in impairment level in those classified as not impaired at baseline. Also, increased death rates in the initially impaired participants may lead to an underestimate of their risk for disability. The consistent results found for both selfreported and measured vision for multiple disability outcomes make a convincing case for these findings. The results for hearing impairment are less consistent. Both measured and self-report hearing imv I
DOI：
10.1001/archotol.1993.01880140038006
发表时间：
1993-02
期刊：
Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery
影响因子：
--
作者：
George A. Gates;J. Cobb;R. D’Agostino;P. Wolf
通讯作者：
George A. Gates;J. Cobb;R. D’Agostino;P. Wolf
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Cruickshanks, KJ;Klein, R;Tweed, TS
通讯作者：
Tweed, TS
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
CUMMINGS, SR;NEVITT, MC;VOGT, TM
通讯作者：
VOGT, TM