Proximal design in South African informal settlements: users as designers and the construction of the built environment and its fire risks

Proximal design in South African informal settlements: users as designers and the construction of the built environment and its fire risks
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南非非正式住区的近端设计:用户作为设计师以及建筑环境的构建及其火灾风险

DOI:
10.1080/25729861.2020.1847531
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Latin American Science, Technology and Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Spinardi G
Spinardi G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spinardi G

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非正式住区对消防安全构成了挑战,因为它们缺乏对建筑标准的监管,而这些标准一直是降低其他地方火灾风险的核心。非正式住区住宅不是专业设计师(如建筑师和工程师)的产品,而是受法规限制的产品,而主要是居住者的作品。因此,非正式住区结构的设计和建造可以理解为居民自己进行近距离设计的结果--借鉴了Usenyuk等人提出的概念。在他们2016年的论文《近似性设计:作为俄罗斯北方移动性设计师的用户》中。本文通过对南非非正式居住区火灾问题的研究,应用并批判了近距离的设计理念。我们的案例研究指出了Usenyuk等人的方法存在的弱点。应用近端设计的概念。不仅是Usenyuk等人。强调近景设计涉及到对恶劣环境的掌握,但也没有充分考虑到社会背景。虽然对附近设计的关注提供了对非正式住区火灾问题的洞察,但至关重要的是,对附近活动的关注不会掩盖更广泛的社会因素的重要性。
Informal settlements present a challenge for fire safety because they lack the regulation of building standards that have been central to reducing fire risks elsewhere. Rather than being the product of specialist designers (such as architects and engineers), constrained by regulation, informal settlement dwellings are instead predominantly the work of their occupants. Thus, the design and construction of informal settlement structures can be understood as a result ofproximal designby the residents themselves – drawing on the concept proposed by Usenyuk et al. in their 2016 paper “Proximal Design: Users as Designers of Mobility in the Russian North.” This paper applies, and critiques, the proximal design concept through a focus on the informal settlement fire problem in South Africa. Our case study points to weaknesses in the way that Usenyuk et al. apply the concept of proximal design. Not only do Usenyuk et al. emphasize that proximal design involves mastery of a severe environment, but they also fail to give sufficient attention to the social context. Although a focus on proximal design provides insights into the informal settlement fire problem, it is vital that the focus on proximate activities does not obscure the importance of broader societal factors.
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