Altered affective response in marijuana smokers: an FMRI study.
Altered affective response in marijuana smokers: an FMRI study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.019
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gruber, Staci A.;Rogowska, Jadwiga;Yurgelun-Todd, Deborah A.
超过9400万美国人尝试过大麻，它仍然是美国使用最广泛的非法药物。对大麻认知影响的调查报告称，在需要执行控制的任务中，包括抑制和决策在内的大脑功能发生了变化。内源性大麻素调节各种情绪反应，包括焦虑、情绪控制和攻击性；然而，对吸烟者对情感刺激的反应知之甚少。前扣带回和杏仁核在抑制冲动行为和情感调节方面起着关键作用，利用PET和fMRI的研究表明，大麻吸烟者这些区域的变化。鉴于吸烟者经常观察到情绪和知觉的变化，我们假设15名长期大量吸食大麻的人在观看蒙面的快乐和恐惧的面孔时，相对于15名非大麻吸烟者，其fMRI反应模式发生了变化。尽管在临床或人口统计学指标上没有组间差异，但与对照组相比，吸烟者在掩蔽的情感刺激下，前扣带回和杏仁核的活动都相对减少，而对照组在观看蒙面面孔时，这些区域的激活相对增加。研究结果表明，长期大量吸食大麻的人在观看蒙面面孔时，额叶和边缘系统的激活发生了变化，这与放射自显影研究报告的这些区域高CB-1受体密度一致。这些数据表明，长期吸烟者在情感处理方面存在差异，即使当刺激呈现在意识加工水平以下时也是如此，并突显了吸食大麻的人与不吸烟的人处理情感信息的可能性，这可能会导致负面后果。
More than 94 million Americans have tried marijuana, and it remains the most widely used illicit drug in the nation. Investigations of the cognitive effects of marijuana report alterations in brain function during tasks requiring executive control, including inhibition and decision-making. Endogenous cannabinoids regulate a variety of emotional responses, including anxiety, mood control, and aggression; nevertheless, little is known about smokers’ responses to affective stimuli. The anterior cingulate and amygdala play key roles in the inhibition of impulsive behavior and affective regulation, and studies using PET and fMRI have demonstrated changes within these regions in marijuana smokers. Given alterations in mood and perception often observed in smokers, we hypothesized altered fMRI patterns of response in 15 chronic heavy marijuana smokers relative to 15 non-marijuana smoking control subjects during the viewing of masked happy and fearful faces. Despite no between-group differences on clinical or demographic measures, smokers demonstrated a relative decrease in both anterior cingulate and amygdalar activity during masked affective stimuli compared to controls, who showed relative increases in activation within these regions during the viewing of masked faces. Findings indicate that chronic heavy marijuana smokers demonstrate altered activation of frontal and limbic systems while viewing masked faces, consistent with autoradiographic studies reporting high CB-1 receptor density in these regions. These data suggest differences in affective processing in chronic smokers, even when stimuli are presented below the level of conscious processing, and underscore the likelihood that marijuana smokers process emotional information differently from those who do not smoke, which may result in negative consequences.
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影响因子：
5.7
作者：
FRISTON, KJ;FRITH, CD;FRACKOWIAK, RSJ
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1017/s1461145705005651
发表时间：
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作者：
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