Mycobacterium tuberculosis: success through dormancy.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis: success through dormancy.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00331.x
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发表时间:
2012-05
影响因子:
11.3
通讯作者:
Kaufmann SH
Kaufmann SH
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gengenbacher M;Kaufmann SH

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结核病(TB)仍然是一个主要的健康威胁,每年在这个地球仪周围杀死近200万人。几乎世纪前开发的唯一疫苗仅在儿童时期提供有限的保护。在几十年没有引入新的抗生素之后,目前正在对几种候选药物进行临床研究。治愈结核病需要使用多种药物进行长期联合化疗。此外,由于缺乏可靠的生物标志物,监测治疗的成功是值得怀疑的。为了从根本上改善这种情况,详细了解人类宿主和病原体结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)之间的串扰是至关重要的。主要地,Mtb的巨大成功基于三种能力:第一,在初次感染/吞噬后重编程巨噬细胞以防止其自身的破坏;第二,启动组织良好的肉芽肿的形成,包括不同的免疫细胞以创建用于宿主-病原体对峙的受限环境;第三,能够关闭其自身的中枢代谢,终止复制,从而过渡到休眠阶段,使其对宿主防御和药物治疗具有极强的抵抗力。在这里,我们回顾了这些过程的分子机制,得出结论,在分枝杆菌休眠的工作模型和突出的差距,我们的理解,以解决在未来的研究。
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health threat, killing near to 2 million individuals around this globe, annually. The sole vaccine developed almost a century ago, provides limited protection only during childhood. After decades without the introduction of new antibiotics, several candidates are currently undergoing clinical investigation. Curing TB requires prolonged combination chemotherapy with several drugs. Moreover, monitoring the success of therapy is questionable due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. To substantially improve the situation, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between human host and the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is vital. Principally, Mtb’s enormous success is based on three capacities: First, reprogramming of macrophages after primary infection/phagocytosis in order to prevent its own destruction; second, initiating the formation of well-organized granulomas, comprising different immune cells to create a confined environment for the host–pathogen standoff; third, the capability to shut down its own central metabolism, terminate replication and thereby transit into a stage of dormancy rendering itself extremely resistant to host defense and drug treatment. Here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, draw conclusions in a working model of mycobacterial dormancy and highlight gaps in our understanding to be addressed in future research.
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