Fate of Exhaled Droplets From Breathing and Coughing in Supermarket Checkouts and Passenger Cars.
Fate of Exhaled Droplets From Breathing and Coughing in Supermarket Checkouts and Passenger Cars.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/11786302221148274
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Edwards, Rufus D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nishandar, Sanika Ravindra;He, Yucheng;Princevac, Marko;Edwards, Rufus D.
新冠肺炎的全球流行突显了了解呼出的飞沫在社区环境中的病毒传播中所起作用的重要性。计算流体动力学(CFD)能够系统地研究呼出的液滴在室内环境中SARS-CoV-2传播中所起的作用。这项分析使用已公布的呼出液滴尺寸分布，结合基于测量的气溶胶中SARS-CoV-2RNA峰值浓度的终端气溶胶液滴尺寸，来模拟呼出液滴在超市结账区和拼车中的扩散、蒸发和沉积，在这些地方，与其他人的距离很近。在乘用车的空气进口速度为2 m/S和ASHRAE建议的超市通风和舒适性的情况下，模拟表明，呼出的含有大部分病毒核糖核酸的液滴蒸发后，剩余的液滴核仍留在空气中。随后，~70%的这些液滴核沉积在超市和带有提醒的汽车内，从空间中排出。说话和咳嗽时的最大表面沉积量分别为2和819个/m2，超市和汽车分别为18和1387个/m2。大约15%的呼出液滴(空气动力学直径20-700 微米)沉积在与个体非常接近的表面上。然而，由于病毒RNA在液滴大小上的非线性分布，这些沉积在表面的较大的呼出液滴的病毒含量较低。病毒RNA的最大表面沉积量分别为70和1.7×103病毒粒子/m2，在超市和汽车内咳嗽的病毒粒子/m2分别为2.3×104和9.3×104病毒粒子/m2，而空气中病毒RNA的初始浓度为7×106拷贝/毫升。结合液滴大小分布和病毒载量分布，这项研究有助于解释在大流行中观察到的吸入暴露与表面接触相比的明显重要性。
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of understanding the role that exhaled droplets play in virus transmission in community settings. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) enables systematic examination of roles the exhaled droplets play in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments. This analysis uses published exhaled droplet size distributions combined with terminal aerosol droplet size based on measured peak concentrations for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in aerosols to simulate exhaled droplet dispersion, evaporation, and deposition in a supermarket checkout area and rideshare car where close proximity with other individuals is common. Using air inlet velocity of 2 m/s in the passenger car and ASHRAE recommendations for ventilation and comfort in the supermarket, simulations demonstrate that exhaled droplets <20 μm that contain the majority of viral RNA evaporated leaving residual droplet nuclei that remain aerosolized in the air. Subsequently ~ 70% of these droplet nuclei deposited in the supermarket and the car with the reminder vented from the space. The maximum surface deposition of droplet nuclei/m2 for speaking and coughing were 2 and 819, 18 and 1387 for supermarket and car respectively. Approximately 15% of the total exhaled droplets (aerodynamic diameters 20-700 µm) were deposited on surfaces in close proximity to the individual. Due to the non-linear distribution of viral RNA across droplet sizes, however, these larger exhaled droplets that deposit on surfaces have low viral content. Maximum surface deposition of viral RNA was 70 and 1.7 × 103 virions/m2 for speaking and 2.3 × 104 and 9.3 × 104 virions/m2 for coughing in the supermarket and car respectively while the initial airborne concentration of viral RNA was 7 × 106 copies per ml. Integrating the droplet size distributions with viral load distributions, this study helps explain the apparent importance of inhalation exposures compared to surface contact observed in the pandemic.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154143
发表时间：
2022-06-20
期刊：
The Science of the total environment
影响因子：
--
作者：
Faleiros DE;van den Bos W;Botto L;Scarano F
通讯作者：
Scarano F
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Konda, Abhiteja;Prakash, Abhinav;Guha, Supratik
通讯作者：
Guha, Supratik
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Cui, Fangda;Geng, Xiaolong;Boufadel, Michel
通讯作者：
Boufadel, Michel
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Gladyszewska-Fiedoruk, Katarzyna;Teleszewski, Tomasz Janusz
通讯作者：
Teleszewski, Tomasz Janusz
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Buonanno, G.;Morawska, L.;Stabile, L.
通讯作者：
Stabile, L.