The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
The missing part of seed dispersal networks: structure and robustness of bat-fruit interactions.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0017395
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发表时间：
2011-02-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Aguiar MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mello MA;Marquitti FM;Guimarães PR Jr;Kalko EK;Jordano P;de Aguiar MA
互惠网络对于维持生态系统服务至关重要。不幸的是，我们对种子传播网络的了解仅基于鸟类与水果的相互作用。因此，我们的目标是通过研究蝙蝠果网络来填补这一空白。从种群研究中得知：（i）一些蝙蝠物种比其他物种更依赖水果，（ii）一些专门的食果蝙蝠更喜欢特定的植物属。我们测试了这些偏好是否会影响整个网络的结构和鲁棒性以及物种的功能角色。对来自文献的9个蝙蝠果数据集进行了分析，所有网络都显示出比授粉网络更低的互补专业化（H2'= 0.37±0.10，平均值± SD）和相似的嵌套性（NODF = 0.56±0.12）。 所有网络都是模块化的（M = 0.32±0.07），平均有四个紧密连接的蝙蝠和植物的内聚子群（模块）。 这些模块的组成遵循在人口水平上观察到的属属协会（Artibeus-Ficus，Artilia-Piper和Sturnira-Solanum），尽管其中一些植物属也被其他蝙蝠分散。蝙蝠-水果网络对蝙蝠（R = 0.55±0.10）和植物（R = 0.68±0.09）的模拟累积清除具有较高的鲁棒性。 初级食果动物与更大比例的植物相互作用，也占据了更多的中心位置;此外，它们的灭绝引起了网络结构的较大变化。我们的结论是，蝙蝠果网络是高度凝聚力和强大的互惠系统，其中冗余是高模块内，虽然模块是互补的。食物专业化似乎是一个重要的结构因素，影响蝙蝠果网络的拓扑结构，行业协会结构和功能的作用。
Mutualistic networks are crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, what we know about seed dispersal networks is based only on bird-fruit interactions. Therefore, we aimed at filling part of this gap by investigating bat-fruit networks. It is known from population studies that: (i) some bat species depend more on fruits than others, and (ii) that some specialized frugivorous bats prefer particular plant genera. We tested whether those preferences affected the structure and robustness of the whole network and the functional roles of species. Nine bat-fruit datasets from the literature were analyzed and all networks showed lower complementary specialization (H2' = 0.37±0.10, mean ± SD) and similar nestedness (NODF = 0.56±0.12) than pollination networks. All networks were modular (M = 0.32±0.07), and had on average four cohesive subgroups (modules) of tightly connected bats and plants. The composition of those modules followed the genus-genus associations observed at population level (Artibeus-Ficus, Carollia-Piper, and Sturnira-Solanum), although a few of those plant genera were dispersed also by other bats. Bat-fruit networks showed high robustness to simulated cumulative removals of both bats (R = 0.55±0.10) and plants (R = 0.68±0.09). Primary frugivores interacted with a larger proportion of the plants available and also occupied more central positions; furthermore, their extinction caused larger changes in network structure. We conclude that bat-fruit networks are highly cohesive and robust mutualistic systems, in which redundancy is high within modules, although modules are complementary to each other. Dietary specialization seems to be an important structuring factor that affects the topology, the guild structure and functional roles in bat-fruit networks.
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