Charcoal power: The political violence of non-fossil fuel in Uganda

Charcoal power: The political violence of non-fossil fuel in Uganda
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木炭发电:乌干达非化石燃料的政治暴力

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.09.012
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Branch A
Branch A
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Branch A

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全球能源政治受到学术界越来越多的关注。大多数关于能源政治的工作侧重于石油,其基础是化石燃料的全球能源现代性和向可再生能源过渡的规范性愿景。然而,在许多非洲国家,最普遍的能源不是石油,而是木材燃料。木炭因其在城市化中的中心地位而特别重要:木炭是非洲80%城市的主要家庭能源,其消费量预计将随着城市化的扩大而继续增加。尽管如此,木炭的政治仍然在很大程度上未被探索。本文通过对乌干达北方木炭开采的深入研究,探讨政治权力如何塑造木炭生产以及木炭作为一种能源如何塑造政治权力。它认为,木炭生产及其特殊的破坏性应被理解为1986-2006年上帝抵抗军和乌干达政府之间战争暴力的延续。基于对乌干达北方的长期实地考察,本文区分了小规模家庭生产和大规模工业生产的政治。通过关注工业木炭生产的政治暴力,我们认为,正统的学术和政策的叙述在非洲的木炭工业可以合格,新的问题可以提出更广泛的叙述能源现代性和全球能源政治。
The politics of global energy are subject to increasing academic interest. Most work on energy politics focuses on oil, based upon a normative vision of a global energy modernity of fossil fuels and a transition to renewables. In many African countries, however, the most prevalent source of energy is not oil, but woodfuel. Charcoal is of particular importance due to its centrality to urbanization: charcoal is the primary household energy source for up to 80% of urban Africa, and its consumption is expected to continue increasing with expanding urbanization. Despite this centrality, the politics of charcoal remain largely unexplored. This article asks how political power shapes charcoal production and how charcoal as an energy source shapes political power through an in-depth study of charcoal extraction in northern Uganda. It argues that charcoal production, and its particular destructiveness, should be understood as a continuation of the violence of the 1986–2006 war between the Lord’s Resistance Army and the Ugandan government. Based on long-term fieldwork in northern Uganda, the article draws a distinction between the politics of small-scale household production and of large-scale industrial production. By focusing on the political violence of industrial charcoal production, we argue that orthodox academic and policy narratives about the charcoal industry in Africa can be qualified, and new questions can be raised concerning broader narratives of energy modernity and global energy politics.
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