Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene-nanoparticle hybrid materials for bioapplications.
Design, synthesis, and characterization of graphene-nanoparticle hybrid materials for bioapplications.
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DOI：
10.1021/cr500537t
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发表时间：
2015-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Lee KB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yin PT;Shah S;Chhowalla M;Lee KB
石墨烯由单原子厚的 sp 2 键合碳原子片组成，排列成完美的二维 (2D) 蜂窝晶格。由于这种结构，石墨烯具有许多独特和卓越的结构、光学和电子特性。(1) 具体来说，这些非凡的特性包括但不限于计算为 2630 m 2 g–1 的高平面表面积，(2) 杨氏模量为 1100 GPa 的卓越机械强度，(3) 无与伦比的导热性 (5000 W m–1 K–1)，(4) 显着的电子特性（例如，高载流子迁移率 [10 000 cm 2 V–1 s–1] 和容量），(5) 和诱人的光学特性（例如，高不透明度 [∼ 97.7%] 和淬灭荧光的能力）。(6) 因此，毫无疑问，石墨烯是目前研究最深入的材料，其应用范围广泛，包括电子、能源和传感等。 (1c) 此外，由于这些独特的化学和物理特性，石墨烯和石墨烯基纳米材料引起了越来越多的兴趣，并且可以说，最有希望实现广泛的生物应用。(7) 在过去几年中，许多研究已在生物应用中利用石墨烯，从用于治疗癌症的化疗药物的输送 (8) 到用于癌症治疗的生物传感应用。 (9) 甚至用于干细胞的分化和成像。(10) 虽然前景光明且令人兴奋，但最近的报告表明，石墨烯与纳米材料（例如纳米颗粒）的结合，从而形成石墨烯-纳米颗粒混合结构，提供了许多额外的独特的物理化学特性和功能，与单独使用任何一种材料相比，这些特性和功能对于生物应用来说是非常理想的和明显有利的 （图1）。（11）这些石墨烯-纳米颗粒混合结构特别有吸引力，因为它们不仅表现出纳米颗粒的单独特性（纳米颗粒已经拥有散装材料和石墨烯所不具备的有益的光学、电子、磁性和结构特性），而且它们还表现出额外的有利且通常是协同的特性，大大增强了它们的生物应用潜力。
Graphene is composed of single-atom thick sheets of sp 2 bonded carbon atoms that are arranged in a perfect two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice. Because of this structure, graphene is characterized by a number of unique and exceptional structural, optical, and electronic properties.(1) Specifically, these extraordinary properties include, but are not limited to, a high planar surface area that is calculated to be 2630 m 2 g–1,(2) superior mechanical strength with a Young’s modulus of 1100 GPa,(3) unparalleled thermal conductivity (5000 W m–1 K–1),(4) remarkable electronic properties (eg, high carrier mobility [10 000 cm 2 V–1 s–1] and capacity),(5) and alluring optical characteristics (eg, high opacity [∼ 97.7%] and the ability to quench fluorescence).(6) As such, it should come as no surprise that graphene is currently, without any doubt, the most intensively studied material for a wide range of applications that include electronic, energy, and sensing outlets.(1c) Moreover, because of these unique chemical and physical properties, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest, and, arguably, hold the greatest promise for implementation into a wide array of bioapplications.(7)In the last several years, numerous studies have utilized graphene in bioapplications ranging from the delivery of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer (8) to biosensing applications for a host of medical conditions (9) and even for the differentiation and imaging of stem cells.(10) While promising and exciting, recent reports have demonstrated that the combination of graphene with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, thereby forming graphene–nanoparticle hybrid structures, offers a number of additional unique physicochemical properties and functions that are both highly desirable and markedly advantageous for bioapplications when compared to the use of either material alone (Figure 1).(11) These graphene–nanoparticle hybrid structures are especially alluring because not only do they display the individual properties of the nanoparticles, which can already possess beneficial optical, electronic, magnetic, and structural properties that are unavailable in bulk materials, and of graphene, but they also exhibit additional advantageous and often synergistic properties that greatly augment their potential for bioapplications.
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