Relating neuronal firing patterns to functional differentiation of cerebral cortex.
Relating neuronal firing patterns to functional differentiation of cerebral cortex.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000433
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Toyama K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shinomoto S;Kim H;Shimokawa T;Matsuno N;Funahashi S;Shima K;Fujita I;Tamura H;Doi T;Kawano K;Inaba N;Fukushima K;Kurkin S;Kurata K;Taira M;Tsutsui K;Komatsu H;Ogawa T;Koida K;Tanji J;Toyama K
一百年前，Brodmann仅根据细胞组织定义的大脑皮层区域与它们的功能密切相关，如感觉、联想和运动。细胞结构不同的皮质区域有不同密度和类型的神经元。因此，信号模式也可能因细胞结构独特的皮质区域而异。为了研究神经元信号模式如何与固有的皮质功能相关，我们通过设计一种度量标准来检测皮质放电的内在特征，该度量有效地隔离了非泊松不规则特征，独立于由不断变化的行为条件引起的外在的峰率波动。使用新的测量方法，我们分析了来自8个独立的神经生理实验室采样的15个皮质区域的1000多个神经元的棘波序列。对不同皮质区域放电模式的差异性分析表明，放电规律的梯度与皮质区域的功能类别密切相关；神经元的放电模式在运动区是规则的，在视觉区域是随机的，在前额叶区域是爆发性的。因此，信号模式可能在特定功能的大脑皮层计算中发挥重要作用。神经元，或大脑中的神经细胞，使用被称为棘波的刻板电脉冲相互交流。据信，神经元主要通过被传递的尖峰频率来传递信息，这种频率被称为放电频率。此外，神经元可能会通过棘波的更精细的时间模式来传递一些信息。神经元的放电模式可能取决于细胞的组织，根据它们所扮演的角色，如感觉、联想和运动，细胞的组织在大脑的不同区域有所不同。为了研究信号、结构和功能之间的关系，我们设计了一种度量来检测单个神经元固有的和特有的放电异常，并分析了来自15个不同皮质区域的1000多个神经元的棘波序列。在这里，我们报告了这项研究的两个结果。首先，我们发现神经元表现出稳定的放电模式，可以被描述为“规则的”、“随机的”和“突发的”。其次，我们观察到特定区域神经元表现出的信号模式的类型与该区域的功能之间存在很强的相关性。这表明，除了反映大脑的细胞组织外，神经元信号模式也可能在特定类型的神经元计算中发挥作用。
It has been empirically established that the cerebral cortical areas defined by Brodmann one hundred years ago solely on the basis of cellular organization are closely correlated to their function, such as sensation, association, and motion. Cytoarchitectonically distinct cortical areas have different densities and types of neurons. Thus, signaling patterns may also vary among cytoarchitectonically unique cortical areas. To examine how neuronal signaling patterns are related to innate cortical functions, we detected intrinsic features of cortical firing by devising a metric that efficiently isolates non-Poisson irregular characteristics, independent of spike rate fluctuations that are caused extrinsically by ever-changing behavioral conditions. Using the new metric, we analyzed spike trains from over 1,000 neurons in 15 cortical areas sampled by eight independent neurophysiological laboratories. Analysis of firing-pattern dissimilarities across cortical areas revealed a gradient of firing regularity that corresponded closely to the functional category of the cortical area; neuronal spiking patterns are regular in motor areas, random in the visual areas, and bursty in the prefrontal area. Thus, signaling patterns may play an important role in function-specific cerebral cortical computation. Neurons, or nerve cells in the brain, communicate with each other using stereotyped electric pulses, called spikes. It is believed that neurons convey information mainly through the frequency of the transmitted spikes, called the firing rate. In addition, neurons may communicate some information through the finer temporal patterns of the spikes. Neuronal firing patterns may depend on cellular organization, which varies among the regions of the brain, according to the roles they play, such as sensation, association, and motion. In order to examine the relationship among signals, structure, and function, we devised a metric to detect firing irregularity intrinsic and specific to individual neurons and analyzed spike sequences from over 1,000 neurons in 15 different cortical areas. Here we report two results of this study. First, we found that neurons exhibit stable firing patterns that can be characterized as “regular”, “random”, and “bursty”. Second, we observed a strong correlation between the type of signaling pattern exhibited by neurons in a given area and the function of that area. This suggests that, in addition to reflecting the cellular organization of the brain, neuronal signaling patterns may also play a role in specific types of neuronal computations.
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